Naturalización del estatus de protección de refugiado/asilo (§13а(1))
Ciudadanía en Bulgaria
- Elegibilidad
- Refugiado/hogar de protección de asilo de la ruta чл.13а ал.1: titular de estatus de refugiado (статут на бежанец, ЗУБ/Ginebra, concedido por ДАБ) o asilo (убежище, concedido por el Presidente) durante ≥3 años que cumpla con чл.12 ал.1 т.1,3,4,5, sustituyendo la duración del estatuto de protección al plazo del permiso de residencia y sin necesidad de renuncia. Comparte el ancla чл.13а ал.1 con BG-NAT-02 (BG-OVL-002): SPC-02 lo enmarca a través de la puerta de enlace de estado de protección ЗУБ; NAT-02 lo enmarca como naturalización de residencia reducida. Distinto de чл.13а ал.2 humanitario (5 años, SPC-03) y чл.14 apátrida (SPC-01).
- Plazo
- Prerequisite (status-duration clock): ≥3 years of refugee/asylum status before filing. After filing, the Minister of Justice must propose the presidential decree within TWELVE (12) months under the general/eased naturalization term (чл.35 ал.1 т.1, изм. ДВ бр.21/2021); the refugee/asylum track falls under the 12-month general band, NOT the 9-month Bulgarian-origin band (т.2) — and not under the frequently-cited '18-month' figure, which is NGO practice heuristic, not statutory (чл.35 controls, BG-EVID-153). The чл.33 Council may suspend the proposal-deadline where facts must be established or чл.19 circumstances arise (BG-EVID-145). The decree takes effect on the day of issuance (чл.36). Real-world end-to-end processing typically exceeds the 12-month statutory proposal term because of MoJ/Council backlog. As of чл.35 ал.1 т.1 изм. ДВ бр.21/2021; verified 2026-06-13. [BG-EVID-152, BG-EVID-153, BG-EVID-145; BG-SRC-041 чл.35 [T1]]
- Renuncia
- No requerida
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Quién califica
ZBG §13а ал. 1 refugiado 3y track — Vluchtelingenverdrag 1951 + Protocolo de 1967 + subvención formal ЗУБ. Marco de referencia cruzada BG-NAT-02.
Plazos
Prerequisite: ≥3 years of refugee/asylum status before filing (status-duration clock). After filing, the Minister of Justice must propose the presidential decree within TWELVE (12) months under the general/eased naturalization term (чл.35 ал.1 т.1, изм. ДВ бр.21/2021) — the refugee/asylum track falls under the 12-month general band (т.1), NOT the 9-month Bulgarian-origin band (т.2). A frequently cited '18-month' figure is NOT statutory; чл.35 (12/9/6/3/1-month bands) controls and supersedes the NGO reading (BG-EVID-153). The Съвет по гражданството may SUSPEND, and the чл.35 deadlines are suspended accordingly, where facts/evidence must be established or чл.19 circumstances arise (BG-EVID-145). The decree takes effect on the day of issuance (чл.36). Real-world end-to-end processing typically exceeds the 12-month statutory proposal term because of backlog.
Tasas y costos
Fees are set by Тарифа № 1 към Закона за държавните такси (раздел 'Г', Министерство на правосъдието), приета с ПМС № 167/1992 — the ЗБГ itself contains no fee article. ПМС № 104 от 25.06.2025 (обн. ДВ бр.52/2025), в сила 01.07.2025, raised the citizenship fees ~10× for acquisition: the general naturalization application (молба за придобиване) line т.55 в. rose from 100 лв to 1000 лв (≈511,29 EUR at the fixed rate 1 EUR = 1.95583 BGN). Because the refugee/asylum route carries NO BG-parent/BG-origin element, it falls under the general 1000-лв band (т.55 в.), not the reduced 300-лв origin band (т.55 а.). Ancillary: ЦКОКУО language-exam fee (outside Тарифа № 1); document legalization/translation; where filed abroad, consular interview ≈50 EUR and translation-certification ≈15 EUR per document (BG-EVID-160). Note Geneva Convention Art 34 enjoins States to reduce charges for refugee naturalization — Bulgaria's general fee applies regardless. EUR values from 01.01.2026 are computed at the irrevocable rate except where IISDA-published.
Escenarios de ejemplo
Los escenarios de ejemplo se muestran en inglés.
eligible
The DISTINGUISHING SPC gateway is satisfied: layer one (ЗУБ status determination) produced a formal статут на бежанец decided by ДАБ, held >3 years, opening the чл.13а ал.1 status-duration door (BG-EVID-052/054/055). Layer two (the чл.13а ал.1 naturalization grant) then proceeds by discretionary presidential указ on MoJ proposal after the Съвет по гражданството мнение — the State Agency for Refugees itself sits on that Council, institutionally linking the two layers (BG-EVID-144). т.2 (PR/LTR clock) and т.6 (renunciation) are inapplicable on the protection-status track (BG-EVID-167). [T1: BG-SRC-054]
ineligible
Gateway mismatch at the determination layer: the ЗУБ status produced is хуманитарен статут (subsidiary protection), which is NOT one of the two ал.1-qualifying statuses (статут на бежанец / убежище). Subsidiary protection routes instead to чл.13а ал.2 (BG-SPC-03) at a FIVE-year threshold — and at 4 years even that sibling threshold is unmet (BG-EVID-053/054). The SPC framing turns on WHICH status the ЗУБ production produced, not merely on years held. [T1: BG-SRC-054]
ineligible
Temporary protection is a distinct regime that never passes through the ЗУБ refugee/asylum DETERMINATION layer — no статут на бежанец decision by ДАБ and no убежище decision by the President exists. Because the SPC gateway requires a formal ЗУБ protection-status grant, temporary protection neither opens the gateway nor starts the status-duration clock, regardless of registration length (BG-EVID-052/054). [T1: BG-SRC-054]
eligible
The two ал.1 statuses come from DIFFERENT determination authorities — статут на бежанец from ДАБ, убежище from the President under Конституция чл.98 т.10 — but чл.13а ал.1 lists them disjunctively ('статут на бежанец ИЛИ убежище'), so presidential убежище is EQUALLY qualifying (BG-EVID-054). Administrative practice may not privilege the Geneva ДАБ route over the constitutional presidential-asylum route; the gateway is open. Subject to discretionary указ. [T1: BG-SRC-054]
ineligible
The two layers have SEPARATE adjudication. The UPSTREAM ЗУБ determination (and its АПК administrative-judicial appeal) must first produce a granted статут на бежанец or убежище; only a granted, subsisting status is the assumed starting point for the SPC gateway (BG-EVID-206/144). A pending claim or an appealed refusal is not a grant and does not open the чл.13а ал.1 door; the downstream naturalization layer cannot pre-empt the unresolved status layer. [T1: BG-SRC-041]
eligible
The SPC gateway is built precisely for this: because the qualifying basis is a ЗУБ protection status (refugee = well-founded fear of persecution), чл.13а sits OUTSIDE чл.12 ал.1 т.6, so no renunciation/release is required and dual citizenship is retained (BG-EVID-167; BG-EVID-052). The т.6 exclusion is the express recognition that a person granted refugee status cannot be compelled to engage her persecuting state — the design logic of the protection-status route, reinforced by ECN Art 6(4)(g) facilitation. Subject to discretionary указ. [T1: BG-SRC-054]
Resumen informativo recopilado a partir de fuentes legales primarias: no es asesoramiento jurídico. La ley de ciudadanía cambia; verifica con la autoridad competente antes de actuar. Verificado por última vez el 2026-06-13.
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