Regime de nacionalidade da Constituição de 1925 (+DL 747/1925)
Cidadania em Chile
- Elegibilidade
- Sob Const. 1925 Art 5, existiam quatro motivos de aquisição. (1) Jus soli, Nº1: "Os nascidos no território do Chile, com exceção dos filhos de estrangeiros que se encontram no Chile a serviço de seu governo, e dos filhos de estrangeiros transeuntes, todos os que puderem optar entre a nação
- Prazo
- standard
- Renúncia
- Não exigida
Quem se qualifica
Under Const. 1925 Art 5, four acquisition grounds existed. (1) Jus soli, Nº1: "Los nacidos en el territorio de Chile, con escepcion de los hijos de estranjeros que se encuentren en Chile en servicio de su Gobierno, y de los hijos de extranjeros transeuntes, todos los que podrán optar entre la nacionalidad de sus padres y la chilena" — the option was framed as a choice BETWEEN parental and Chilean nationality, unlike the current opt-FOR-Chilean wording. (2) Descent, Nº2: children of a Chilean father or mother born abroad became Chilean "por el solo hecho de avecindarse en Chile" (by the mere fact of taking up residence in Chile), plus a special rule that children of Chileans abroad "en actual servicio de la República" counted as if born in Chile. (3) Naturalization/carta, Nº3: foreigners obtaining a carta had to renounce "espresamente su nacionalidad anterior", EXCEPT Spanish nationals with more than 10 years' Chile residence, on a reciprocity condition. (4) Grace, Nº4: "especial gracia de nacionalizacion por lei." DFL 5.142 (1960 consolidation) Art 2 originally required age 21 and "más de cinco años de residencia continuada" plus a permanencia definitiva permit — per Ley 20.888's own later amending clause: "Sustituyese, en su inciso primero, el guarismo '21' por '18', y suprimese en el mismo la palabra 'continuada'" (that change took effect only in 2016, outside this era). INTRA-ERA STATUTORY THRESHOLDS (now decoded via CL-PRIMARY-18): the FIRST sub-period statute, DL 747/1925 Art 2, granted the carta to foreigners who 'hayan cumplido veintiun años de edad, que tengan mas de un año de residencia en el territorio de la República, y que renuncien por instrumento otorgado ante Notario Público a su nacionalidad de oríjen o a cualquiera otra adquirida' — i.e. age 21 + MORE THAN ONE YEAR residence + NOTARIAL renunciation of the origin nationality (1925-1960). The SECOND sub-period consolidation, DFL 5.142/1960 Art 2, raised the residence floor to more than FIVE years (plus a permanencia-definitiva permit; age 21 retained until Ley 20.888/2016 lowered it to 18). RESIDENCE-THRESHOLD DRIFT: the naturalization residence requirement rose from ONE year (DL 747/1925) to FIVE years (DFL 5.142/1960) within this single era — a material tightening across W2 (CL-PRIMARY-18 Art 2 vs CL-PRIMARY-05 Art 2 inc 1).
Como solicitar
DL 747/1925 original mechanics (CL-PRIMARY-18): Art 1 vested the grant in 'el Presidente de la República, en decreto refrendado por el Ministro del Interior' with the formula 'Por orden del Presidente'; Art 8 provided that cancellation must be 'fundado en haber sido concedida con infracción a lo dispuesto en el artículo 3.o de esta lei' (the Art 3 impediments) 'o en haber acaecido ocurrencias que hagan indigno al poseedor,' effected 'previo acuerdo del Consejo de Ministros.' The 1960 consolidation carried this forward. DFL 5.142 Art 1 (DL 747/1925 lineage): "La nacionalizacion se otorgará por el Presidente de la República, en decreto refrendado por el Ministro del Interior." Ley 13.955 (1960) amended DL 747/1925's procedural articles: substituted Art 4 inc.1 on filing venue — "La petición de nacionalización se presentará en la Intendencia o Gobernación correspondiente al lugar de la residencia del solicitante. Los residentes en el departamento de Santiago la presentarán directamente en el Ministerio del Interior" (the pre-regionalization "departamento de Santiago" unit, per 1925 Const. Art 88's provincia/departamento division); substituted Art 4 letra k) (certificado de antecedentes, Gabinete Central de Identificación); substituted Art 5 (routing via Unidad de Investigaciones/Carabineros to the Dirección General de Investigaciones, which reports to the Ministerio del Interior); substituted Art 6 (15-day report deadline, else "negligencia del Jefe de la Unidad"); updated Art 8's cross-referenced statute from "ley N.o 6,026, de 11 de Febrero de 1937" to "ley N.o 12,927, de 6 de Agosto de 1958"; and inserted new Art 11 (naturalization-file documents valid one year; identity documents to show Chilean nationality without terms like "nacionalizado chileno"). Ley 13.955's artículo transitorio then authorized the refundido that became Decreto 5.142 (13 Oct 1960).
Base jurídica
Route CL-HIS-02 spans two eras: (1) the Constitución Política de 1925, promulgated 18 September 1925 by President Arturo Alessandri, whose Capítulo II "Nacionalidad y Ciudadanía" (Arts 5-9) governed Chilean nationality until superseded by the 1980 Constitution's nationality chapter (D.O. 24.10.1980); and (2) the naturalization-statute lineage of Decreto Ley Nº 747 of 15 December 1925 ("sobre nacionalización de extranjeros"), whose "texto definitivo y refundido" was fixed by Decreto Supremo Nº 3.690 of 16 July 1941, amended by Ley 13.955 of 1960, and re-consolidated by Decreto/DFL Nº 5.142 of 13 October 1960 ("FIJA EL TEXTO REFUNDIDO DE LAS DISPOSICIONES SOBRE NACIONALIZACION DE EXTRANJEROS"). Const. 1925 Art 5: "Son chilenos: 1.o Los nacidos en el territorio de Chile.. 2.o Los hijos de padre o madre chilenos, nacidos en territorio estranjero, por el solo hecho de avecindarse en Chile.. 3.o Los estranjeros que obtuvieren carta de nacionalizacion en conformidad a la lei, renunciando espresamente su nacionalidad anterior.. y 4.o Los que obtuvieren especial gracia de nacionalizacion por lei." Art 6 governed loss; Art 9 governed loss of citizenship (ciudadanía). Ley 13.955's artículo transitorio expressly authorized the President "para que refunda en un solo texto las disposiciones de la presente ley [y] las contenidas en el decreto ley N.o 747, de 15 de Diciembre de 1925" — the enabling clause for DFL 5.142. DL 747/1925 itself is decoded verbatim in the corpus (CL-PRIMARY-18): Art 1 (Presidential grant by decree countersigned by the Minister of the Interior, with the formula 'Por orden del Presidente'), Art 2 (age 21 + more-than-one-year residence + notarial renunciation of the origin nationality), Art 3 (naturalization impediments), Art 8 (cancellation), and Art 11 (transition of solicitudes pending under the Constitución de 1833).
Autoridade competente
Presidente de la República: grants the carta by decree countersigned by the Minister of the Interior (DFL 5.142 Art 1, DL 747/1925 lineage); signs denial decrees, which must be "fundado" (Art 7). Ministerio del Interior: receives petitions from residents of the "departamento de Santiago" (Ley 13.955 wording, later "Región Metropolitana de Santiago"); its Departamento de Extranjería numbers cartas correlatively and keeps the Rol de Cartas (Art 9). Intendente/Gobernador: receive provincial petitions and route them to the Unidad de Investigaciones or Carabineros (Art 5, as substituted by Ley 13.955). Dirección General de Investigaciones: issues the background report within the 15-day Art 6 deadline, else the delay is treated as "negligencia del Jefe de la Unidad". Gabinete Central de Identificación: issues the certificado de antecedentes and post-naturalization identity documents (Art 11, added by Ley 13.955). Corte Suprema: hears the Art 6 Nº2 carta-cancellation reclamation "como jurado" within the era's 10-day term, with suspensive effect.
Cenários de exemplo
Os cenários de exemplo são exibidos em inglês.
Historical: express renunciation of the prior nationality was constitutionally required for the 1925-era carta
The 1925 Const. Art 5 Nº3 required foreigners obtaining a carta 'renunciando espresamente su nacionalidad anterior' (CL-ASSERT-024) — express renunciation was a constitutional condition in that era (window W2). Not operative today as constitutional text; its modern residue is the DFL 5.142 Art 2 renunciation clause, which sits in unresolved tension with post-2005 dual tolerance (CL-NLR-RENUN-01).
Historical: no renunciation of Spanish nationality required, on the reciprocity condition (1925 Art 5 Nº3)
The 1925 Const. Art 5 Nº3 exempted persons 'nacidos en España, con más de diez años de residencia en Chile' from renouncing Spanish nationality, 'siempre que en ese país se conceda este mismo beneficio a los chilenos' (reciprocity) (CL-ASSERT-024). This carve-out foreshadowed the 1958 Chile-Spain Double Nationality Convention (CL-PRIMARY-07). Historical characterization.
The 1960 DFL 5.142 consolidation (descended from DL 747/1925) is still the operative naturalization statute — the 1925 constitutional chapter is historical, but the statute is live
CL-HIS-02 documents that the STATUTORY consolidation — Decreto/DFL 5.142 of 13 Oct 1960, fixing the refundido from DL 747/1925 — was not repealed by the 1980 or 2005 constitutional changes; Ley 21.325 Arts 84/87 expressly keep DFL 5.142 operative (CL-ASSERT-047, CL-ASSERT-048). So a present-day carta grant still runs on DFL 5.142, distinguishing the superseded 1925 constitutional chapter from the surviving statute.
Historical: a 10-day reclamation before the Corte Suprema 'como jurado' (1925 Art 6 Nº2) — the ancestor of the modern 30-day Art 12 reclamation
The 1925 Const. Art 6 Nº2 allowed carta cancellation to be appealed 'dentro del plazo de diez días ante la Corte Suprema, la que conocerá como jurado,' with suspensive effect (CL-HIS-02 cross_references; CL-ASSERT-079). The term later lengthened from 10 to 30 days and the full-bench 'tribunal pleno' was added by the 1980 Art 12. Historical procedural ancestor of CL-RCL-01.
NOT LEGALLY RESOLVED (CL-NLR-RENUN-01) — the 1925 Art 5 Nº3 is the constitutional root; the DFL 5.142 Art 2 clause survives into the current dual-tolerant regime without explicit repeal; do not assert a clean resolution
The 1925 constitutional express-renunciation requirement (Art 5 Nº3) is the historical root of the tension; DFL 5.142, consolidated in this era, preserved a renunciation clause (Art 2) that survives in substance into the post-2005 regime without explicit repeal (CL-HIS-02 nlr_flags). Separately, DFL 5.142 Art 8 cross-references Art 3, now marked 'Eliminado,' whose original content is unrecoverable from the 1925-era corpus (CL-NLR-DFL5142-ART3-XREF-01). Present both positions; assert neither.
Resumo informativo compilado a partir de fontes legais primárias — não é aconselhamento jurídico. A lei de cidadania muda; verifique com a autoridade competente antes de agir. Verificado pela última vez em 2026-07-06.
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