Pérdida por renuncia voluntaria (condición anti-apátrida)

On the face of Art 11 Nº1, eligibility to renounce is open to ANY Chilean national irrespective of how nationality was acquired (jus soli Art 10 Nº1, descent Nº2, carta Nº3, or grace Nº4); the constitutional text imposes no acquisition-route filter and no age, residence, or means condition — it requires only a renuncia voluntaria manifestada ante autoridad chilena competente (CL-PRIMARY-01, Art 11 Nº1). The decisive EFFECTIVENESS filter is the anti-statelessness proviso: the renunciation sólo producirá efectos si la persona, previamente, se ha nacionalizado en país extranjero. In practice this means only a Chilean who ALREADY holds another nationality acquired by foreign naturalization can renounce with legal effect; a mono-national Chilean cannot renounce into statelessness (as of 2026-07-04). The verb nacionalizado (naturalized) is textually narrower than merely 'holding' a foreign nationality — whether a Chilean who holds a second nationality by birth or descent (rather than by naturalization) satisfies the proviso is NOT resolved on the face of the primary text and must not be asserted cleanly. Voluntariness distinguishes this route from the three involuntary grounds — decreto supremo for enemy war-service (Nº2), cancelación of the carta (Nº3), and revocación por ley of grace nationality (Nº4) — all listed together in Art 11.

The constitutional text specifies the forum only generically — the renunciation must be manifestada ante autoridad chilena competente (CL-PRIMARY-01, Art 11 Nº1) — and delegates procedural detail to statute. Ley 21.325 Art 87 (in force 2022-02-12) routes the mechanics of nationality LOSS to the 1960 naturalization statute: «El procedimiento para la obtención, pérdida y acreditación de la nacionalidad será el regulado en el decreto supremo Nº 5.142, de 1960, del Ministerio del Interior, que fija el texto refundido de las disposiciones sobre nacionalización de extranjeros.» (CL-PRIMARY-03, Ley 21.325 Art 87). The competent authority in practice is the Ministerio del Interior y Seguridad Pública / Servicio Nacional de Migraciones (SERMIG) channel that also registers naturalization acts, consistent with the Art 10 inciso final mandate that «La ley reglamentará.. la formación de un registro de todos estos actos». Critically, the renunciation is not self-executing: it sólo producirá efectos once prior foreign naturalization is established, so the authority must verify the applicant already holds a foreign nationality before loss takes effect. There is no administrative or automatic path back: «Los que hubieren perdido la nacionalidad chilena.. sólo podrán ser rehabilitados por ley» (CL-PRIMARY-01, Art 11 inciso final) — reacquisition requires a legislative act (route CL-RSP-01). As of 2026-07-04.

Route CL-LOS-01 rests on Constitution Art 11 Nº1, the single VOLUNTARY ground for losing Chilean nationality. The chapeau opens a closed list: «Artículo 11.- La nacionalidad chilena se pierde:» (CL-PRIMARY-01, Art 11 chapeau, texto refundido vigente). Numeral 1º provides: «1º.- Por renuncia voluntaria manifestada ante autoridad chilena competente. Esta renuncia sólo producirá efectos si la persona, previamente, se ha nacionalizado en país extranjero;» (CL-PRIMARY-01, Art 11 Nº1). Two elements are load-bearing: (a) a renuncia voluntaria (voluntary renunciation) manifestada ante autoridad chilena competente (declared before a competent Chilean authority); and (b) an anti-statelessness proviso — the renunciation sólo producirá efectos (only takes effect) once the person previamente, se ha nacionalizado en país extranjero (has previously naturalized in a foreign country). The current wording was inserted by the 2005 reform: «a) Sustitúyese el número 1º, por el siguiente: '1º Por renuncia voluntaria manifestada ante autoridad chilena competente. Esta renuncia sólo producirá efectos si la persona, previamente, se ha nacionalizado en país extranjero;', y b) Derógase el número 3.º.» (CL-PRIMARY-02, Ley 20.050 Art 1 Nº5), effective D.O. 26.08.2005. Loss is exhaustively enumerated in Art 11 (Nº1-Nº4, current numbering); a person who loses nationality on any ground «sólo podrán ser rehabilitados por ley» (CL-PRIMARY-01, Art 11 inciso final). As of 2026-07-04.

The primary decision-maker for CL-LOS-01 is the autoridad chilena competente before which the renunciation is manifested (CL-PRIMARY-01, Art 11 Nº1) — operationally the Ministerio del Interior y Seguridad Pública and its Servicio Nacional de Migraciones (SERMIG), which under Ley 21.325 Art 157 Nº8 process nationality files and, per Art 87, apply the DFL 5.142 procedure to loss/pérdida matters. Rehabilitation lies exclusively with the legislature: only a ley can restore lost nationality (CL-PRIMARY-01, Art 11 inciso final), so the Congreso Nacional is the competent organ for reacquisition (route CL-RSP-01). Judicial oversight of nationality deprivation sits with the Corte Suprema, which hears an Art 12 reclamation como jurado y en tribunal pleno — though that path addresses administrative deprivations rather than a genuinely voluntary renunciation. As of 2026-07-04.