Renuncia voluntaria a la nacionalidad (국적이탈)
Ciudadanía en South Korea
- Elegibilidad
- Tribunal Constitucional 2016헌마889 (2020-09-24, inconstitucionalidad + desestimación): el Tribunal dictaminó que el texto principal de la Ley de Nacionalidad 제12조제2항 y la parte de la cláusula adicional 제14조제1항 relativa a §12(2 —que impedía a un hombre con doble nacionalidad que hubiera superado el plazo de selección de 3 meses tras el periodo de preparación para el servicio militar— de renunciar a la nacionalidad de la República de Corea hasta que se resolviera su obligación militar, SIN excepción alguna, incluso cuando el hecho de no haber cumplido el plazo no fuera culpa suya —, lo que vulnera de manera DESPROPORCION§12(A la libertad de renunciar a la nacionalidad (libertad de renuncia a la nacionalidad, violación del principio de proporcionalidad). 7:2 (los magistrados disidentes de 2 confirmaron la sentencia por motivos de 병역부담평등). Se ordenó que las disposiciones impugnadas siguieran aplicándose hasta el plazo legislativo 2022-09-30; de no modificarse, perderían vigencia a partir de 2022-10-01. El recurso paralelo contra la norma de aplicación 제12조제2항제1호 (anexo del certificado de relaciones familiares) fue DESESTIM§12(O (기각).
- Plazo
- standard
- Renuncia
- No requerida
Resumen
Constitutional Court 2016헌마889 (2020-09-24, 헌법불합치 + 기각): the Court held 국적법 제12조제2항 본문 AND the portion of 제14조제1항 단서 relating to §12(2) main text — which barred a male dual national who passed the 3-month-after-병역준비역-편입 selection window from renouncing ROK nationality until his military obligation is resolved, WITHOUT exception even where missing the window was not his fault — DISPROPORTIONATELY infringes the freedom to renounce nationality (국적이탈의 자유, 과잉금지원칙 위배). 7:2 (2 dissenting justices upheld on 병역부담평등 grounds). The impugned provisions were ordered to continue applying until the legislative deadline 2022-09-30; if not amended they would lose effect from 2022-10-01. The companion challenge to 시행규칙 제12조제2항제1호 (family-relations-certificate attachment) was DISMISSED (기각).
Cómo solicitar
- REACQUISITION after §10(3) loss (국적의 재취득, §11): a person who lost ROK nationality under §10(3) (failure to renounce/pledge within 1 year) MAY reacquire ROK nationality by renouncing the foreign nationality within 1 year of the loss and REPORTING (신고) to the Minister of Justice; nationality is acquired at the time of reporting. This is a declaratory report mechanism, DISTINCT from §9 reinstatement (국적회복) which is a discretionary ministerial permission. - LOSS REPORTING & administration (§16): a person who has lost ROK nationality (EXCLUDING a person who filed a §14 renunciation declaration) shall report the loss (국적상실신고) to the Minister of Justice. Public officials who identify a person who lost nationality must notify the Minister, who then informs the family-relations-registration office (가족관계등록 관서) and resident-registration office. This confirms the procedural DISTINCTION between 국적이탈 (renunciation, §14, prospective by dual national) and 국적상실 (loss, having occurred e.g. by §15, reported under §16).
Base jurídica
Primary statute: 국적법 제14조. Operative 1948-12-20–present. Authority: Minister of Justice (법무부장관); Korea Immigration Service (출입국·외국인정책본부).
Escenarios de ejemplo
Los escenarios de ejemplo se muestran en inglés.
Loses ROK nationality on acceptance
Nationality Act Art.14: renunciation (국적이탈) is available only to those domiciled abroad and takes effect when the Minister accepts (수리).
Loses ROK nationality on acceptance
국적법 제14조 governs voluntary renunciation for those domiciled abroad.
May reacquire by report
Reacquisition (Art.11) follows loss under Art.10(3).
Resumen informativo recopilado a partir de fuentes legales primarias: no es asesoramiento jurídico. La ley de ciudadanía cambia; verifica con la autoridad competente antes de actuar. Verificado por última vez el 2026-06-22.
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