Nacionalidade por descendência (jus sanguinis) com âncora ancestral de primeiro/segundo grau
Cidadania em Chile
- Elegibilidade
- Duas condições substantivas cumulativas mais a âncora. (1) Filiação: ser filho de pai ou mãe chileno — 'los hijos de padre o madre chilenos'; um único progenitor chileno é suficiente e qualquer um dos progenitores transmite (neutro em termos de género). (2) Local de nascimento: «nacidos en territorio extranjero» (nascido em
- Prazo
- standard
- Renúncia
- Não exigida
Quem se qualifica
Two cumulative substantive conditions plus the anchor. (1) Filiation: be a child of a Chilean father or mother — 'los hijos de padre o madre chilenos'; a single Chilean parent suffices, and either parent transmits (gender-neutral). (2) Place of birth: 'nacidos en territorio extranjero' (born in foreign territory) — descent is the relevant route only for births outside Chile; a birth in Chile attaches jus soli directly (Art 10 Nº1). (3) The ascendant anchor: 'se requerirá que alguno de sus ascendientes en línea recta de primer o segundo grado, haya adquirido la nacionalidad chilena en virtud de lo establecido en los números 1º, 3º ó 4º'. Direct-line first degree = a parent; second degree = a grandparent. The anchoring ascendant must have become Chilean by jus soli (Nº1), carta (Nº3) or grace (Nº4). Critically, the cross-reference DELIBERATELY OMITS Nº2 (descent) itself: a purely-by-descent ascendant CANNOT serve as the anchor. The practical effect is a two-generation cap — foreign-born transmission is permitted for at most two generations measured from a jus-soli/carta/grace-rooted Chilean. There is NO residence or avecindamiento requirement to HOLD nationality by descent: the current Art 10 Nº2 contains no in-country-residence condition for acquisition, in contrast with the pre-2005/1925 avecindamiento model. As of 2026-07-04.
Base jurídica
Chilean nationality by descent (jus sanguinis) rests on Constitution Art 10 Nº2 (texto refundido fixed by DS 100/2005). The vigente text reads: 'Los hijos de padre o madre chilenos, nacidos en territorio extranjero. Con todo, se requerirá que alguno de sus ascendientes en línea recta de primer o segundo grado, haya adquirido la nacionalidad chilena en virtud de lo establecido en los números 1º, 3º ó 4º' — children of a Chilean father or mother, born in foreign territory; provided that some ascendant in the direct line of first or second degree acquired Chilean nationality under numbers 1º (jus soli), 3º (carta/naturalization) or 4º (special grace). The rule is gender-neutral: transmission runs through 'padre o madre' (father OR mother) alike. Its distinctive first/second-degree ascendant anchor was inserted by the 2005 constitutional reform. Ley 20.050 (D.O. 26.08.2005) Art 1 Nº4 provided: 'a) Elimínase el número 2.º. b) Sustitúyese el número 3.º, por el siguiente: 3º Los hijos de padre o madre chilenos, nacidos en territorio extranjero. Con todo, se requerirá que alguno de sus ascendientes en línea recta de primer o segundo grado, haya adquirido la nacionalidad chilena en virtud de lo establecido en los números 1º, 4º ó 5º'. Numbering caveat: the enacted Ley 20.050 text cross-refers '1º, 4º ó 5º', while the official texto refundido renumbered these to '1º, 3º ó 4º'; the substance (jus soli / carta / grace as qualifying anchor grounds) is identical — only the numeral labels shifted after the vacated Nº2 slot was closed. As of 2026-07-04, the anchor has been in force since 26.08.2005.
Autoridade competente
Primary authorities. Const. Art 10 Nº2 (texto refundido DS 100/2005) — the descent rule plus the first/second-degree ascendant anchor (CL-PRIMARY-01). Ley 20.050 (2005) Art 1 Nº4 a)+b) — eliminated the old Nº2 and substituted the descent numeral with the anchor (CL-PRIMARY-02). Ley 20.050 Art 1 Nº6 — added Art 13 inciso conditioning citizenship-rights exercise on avecindamiento >1 year. Const. Art 13 inciso final — the citizenship-rights condition (descent + grace). Const. Art 10 inciso final — delegation of procedures to statute. Const. Art 12 — the reclamation remedy before the Corte Suprema. Const. 1925 Art 5 Nº2 — historical avecindamiento descent, superseded (CL-PRIMARY-14). ACHR / Pacto de San José Art 20 (Decreto 873/1990) — right to a nationality, non-derogable per Art 27.2 (CL-PRIMARY-08). Administrative: the Servicio de Registro Civil e Identificación and Chilean consulates operate descent-birth inscription — the specific procedural text is not pinned in the decoded corpus (see ). SERMIG (Ley 21.325) handles migration and the carta, not descent acquisition. As of 2026-07-04.
Cenários de exemplo
Os cenários de exemplo são exibidos em inglês.
ELIGIBLE / Chilean by descent under CL-DES-01. Holds nationality from birth; the anchor is satisfied by the jus-soli mother.
Const. Art 10 Nº2 makes Chilean 'los hijos de padre o madre chilenos, nacidos en territorio extranjero', provided an ascendant in the first/second degree acquired nationality under Nº1, Nº3 or Nº4. Here the mother (first degree) is Chilean by jus soli (Nº1), satisfying the anchor (CL-ASSERT-010, CL-ASSERT-011). Transmission is gender-neutral ('padre o madre'; CL-ASSERT-016). No residence in Chile is required to HOLD the nationality (CL-ASSERT-017). As of 2026-07-05.
ELIGIBLE / Chilean by descent under CL-DES-01 — the jus-soli grandfather (second degree) anchors the claim.
Under Art 10 Nº2 the anchor is satisfied if 'alguno de sus ascendientes en linea recta de primer o segundo grado' became Chilean by Nº1/3/4. The father is Chilean only by descent (Nº2) and cannot himself anchor (Nº2 is excluded; CL-ASSERT-012), but the grandfather — a second-degree ascendant who is Chilean by jus soli (Nº1) — qualifies. This is exactly the two-generation reach the anchor permits. As of 2026-07-05.
NOT ELIGIBLE under CL-DES-01 — the anchor fails. The nearest jus-soli (Nº1) ascendant is a great-grandfather, beyond the first/second degree; descent-only ascendants cannot anchor.
Art 10 Nº2 requires a qualifying ascendant WITHIN the first or second degree who acquired nationality under Nº1, Nº3 or Nº4; the cross-reference deliberately OMITS Nº2 (descent) itself (CL-ASSERT-012). Both the father (first degree) and grandfather (second degree) are Chilean only by descent, so neither anchors, and the great-grandfather (third degree) is out of range. The two-generation cap (inserted by Ley 20.050/2005; CL-ASSERT-013) bars indefinite expatriate transmission. This is the signature descent cutoff. As of 2026-07-05.
ELIGIBLE / Chilean by descent under CL-DES-01 — a carta-naturalized parent (Nº3) is a qualifying first-degree anchor.
Art 10 Nº2's anchor grounds are Nº1 (jus soli), Nº3 (carta) and Nº4 (grace). A mother who became Chilean by carta (Nº3) squarely qualifies as a first-degree anchor (CL-ASSERT-011, CL-ASSERT-012), so the foreign-born child is Chilean by descent. The mother's own carta acquisition was governed by DFL 5.142 (including its renunciation clause, CL-NLR-RENUN-01), but that tension does not affect the descent child's status. As of 2026-07-05.
IS Chilean by descent (holds nationality unconditionally) BUT cannot EXERCISE citizenship rights until avecindado in Chile for more than one year.
Holding nationality by descent has no residence condition (CL-ASSERT-017). However, Art 13 inciso final conditions the EXERCISE of citizenship rights for Nº2 (descent) and Nº4 (grace) nationals on having 'estado avecindados en Chile por mas de un ano' (added by Ley 20.050 Art 1 Nº6; CL-ASSERT-018). So the person is Chilean but may not vote or stand for office until the >1-year domicile is met. This tests the holding-vs-exercising distinction. As of 2026-07-05.
NOT ELIGIBLE for descent (anchor out of range) AND N/A: Chile has NO overseas-citizen/OCI-style status. One is either Chilean (by an Art 10 ground) or not.
The anchor fails for the same reason as CL-SCEN-A-13 (nearest jus-soli ascendant beyond the second degree; CL-ASSERT-012). Separately, the Chilean nationality regime is exhaustively Art 10 Nº1-Nº4 (jus soli, descent, carta, grace); there is no intermediate 'overseas nationality' register or diaspora card. Ley 19.253 'calidad de indigena' and Ley 21.070 Rapa Nui residence are NOT nationality (CL-ASSERT-094, CL-ASSERT-096), and Chile is a unitary state with a single national nationality (CL-ASSERT-098). OCI-style status is disconfirmed. As of 2026-07-05.
Resumo informativo compilado a partir de fontes legais primárias — não é aconselhamento jurídico. A lei de cidadania muda; verifique com a autoridade competente antes de agir. Verificado pela última vez em 2026-07-06.
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