Perda de cidadania por motivo (Art. 21) — PERDA com base no terreno, NÃO privação punitiva de cidadania (privação de cidadania INADMISSÍVEL, Art. 3(5)/Const 32(3))
Cidadania em Georgia
- Elegibilidade
- A cessação involuntária na Geórgia é PERDA com base no terreno (Art. 21), NÃO privação punitiva — a privação de cidadania é constitucional e estatutariamente INADMISSÍVEL (Art. 32(3) da Constituição); Lei Orgânica Art. 3 (5)). Um cidadão PERDE a cidadania se, entre os motivos enumerados, ingressar no serviço militar, policial ou de segurança de um Estado estrangeiro, ou adquirir voluntariamente a cidadania estrangeira sem prévio consentimento de retenção do Estado. Esses fundamentos comportam exceções: o fundamento do serviço estrangeiro (artigo 21.º, n.º 1, alínea a)) não se aplica aos cidadãos aos quais foi concedida a cidadania a título excecional ou aos titulares de consentimento de retenção ao serviço do Estado da sua nacionalidade. A retenção (artigo 21-1) preserva a cidadania georgiana quando o cidadão obtém o consentimento do Estado da Geórgia para a retenção ANTES de adquirir a cidadania estrangeira, e um menor que adquire a cidadania estrangeira por nascimento mantém a cidadania georgiana até aos 18 anos (artigo 21-1(3)).
- Prazo
- complex
- Renúncia
- Não exigida
Visão geral
Involuntary cessation in Georgia is ground-based LOSS (Art 21), NOT punitive deprivation — deprivation of citizenship is constitutionally and statutorily INADMISSIBLE (Constitution Art 32(3); Organic Law Art 3(5)). A citizen LOSES citizenship if, among the enumerated grounds, he/she joins the military, police or security service of a foreign state, or voluntarily acquires a foreign citizenship without the State's prior retention consent. Those grounds carry exceptions: the foreign-service ground (Art 21(1)(a)) does not apply to citizens granted citizenship by way of exception or to retention-consent holders serving the State of their own nationality. Retention (Art 21-1) preserves Georgian citizenship where the citizen obtains the State of Georgia's consent to retention BEFORE acquiring the foreign citizenship, and a minor who acquires a foreign citizenship by birth retains Georgian citizenship to age 18 (Art 21-1(3)).
Como solicitar
- Decision authority and appeal for termination: the President of Georgia makes the final decision on terminating citizenship (by decree for a positive decision, ordinance for a negative one). A decision of the President on terminating citizenship MAY be appealed in court (uniquely among presidential citizenship decisions), with the President acting as defendant. - Loss is identified and processed administratively before the presidential decision: upon a state authority identifying loss grounds it requests the Agency to act; if the Agency becomes aware of loss grounds without a notification it considers the loss issue and submits materials to the President, who makes the final loss decision. There is no separate punitive 'deprivation' procedure.
Base jurídica
Primary statute: Organic Law Art 21 (loss grounds); Art 3(5) + Constitution Art 32(3) (deprivation inadmissible). Operative 2014-05-27–present. Authority: Public Service Development Agency (PSDA); President of Georgia (grant/loss decree).
Cenários de exemplo
Os cenários de exemplo são exibidos em inglês.
not eligible
Un-consented foreign-acquisition LOSS (Art 21(1)(c)): a citizen LOSES Georgian citizenship if he acquires foreign citizenship, except as provided in Art 21-1. Because he did NOT obtain prior retention consent (Art 21-1(1)) before acquiring Russian citizenship, the foreign-acquisition loss ground applies and his Georgian citizenship is lost on the ground (effected by presidential decree via Arts 23/24(10)/25). This is ground-based LOSS, not punitive deprivation (Art 3(5)).
eligible
Retention-consent (Art 21-1(1)/(2)): a citizen RETAINS Georgian citizenship if he/she obtains consent from the State of Georgia to retention BEFORE acquiring the foreign citizenship, where the connection with Georgia is deemed reliable. Because she secured prior retention consent, the Art 21(1)(c) loss ground does not apply and she lawfully holds both Georgian and German citizenship.
eligible
Exception-grant loss-shield (Art 21(3)): the Art 21(1)(c) foreign-acquisition loss ground does NOT apply to citizens who acquired Georgian citizenship by way of exception. As an Art 17 exceptional-grant citizen, his later acquisition of Israeli citizenship does not cause loss of Georgian citizenship; he lawfully retains both (Art 3(3) dual-permitted).
not eligible
Foreign-military-service LOSS (Art 21(1)(a)): a citizen loses Georgian citizenship if he joins the military, police or security services of a foreign country WITHOUT permission of the competent Georgian authorities. As an ordinary citizen he is not within the Art 21(2) exception (which protects exception-grant citizens / retention-consent holders serving their other state of citizenship), so the loss ground applies.
conditional
Self-cure relief (Art 21(4)): a citizen may RETAIN Georgian citizenship despite an Art 21(1)(a) or (c) ground if the ground is ELIMINATED before it is identified. Because she renounced the Polish citizenship before the Agency identified the foreign-acquisition ground, she may retain Georgian citizenship. Outcome conditional because (per the route NLR) the corpus does not precisely define the administrative 'identification' trigger date, so timing relative to Agency awareness (Art 24(10)) vs formal request (Art 23) governs.
conditional
Loss/termination decisions are UNIQUELY appealable: Art 29(1) bars court appeal of presidential citizenship decisions EXCEPT the decision on terminating citizenship (the President acts as defendant). A termination WITHOUT a valid Art 21(1) ground is 'unlawful' (Art 18(3)) and grounds restoration. He may appeal the termination in court; outcome conditional on whether a valid loss ground existed.
Resumo informativo compilado a partir de fontes legais primárias — não é aconselhamento jurídico. A lei de cidadania muda; verifique com a autoridade competente antes de agir. Verificado pela última vez em 2026-06-25.
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