חידוש אזרחות (ס.11)

CA-RST-01 הוא מסלול חידוש האזרחות לפי סעיף 11(1) לחוק האזרחות, R.S.C. 1985, ג. C-29. זהו המסלול הסטטוטורי שבאמצעותו אזרח קנדי ​​לשעבר שאיבד או ויתר על אזרחות יכול לקבל אותה בחזרה. היא נבדלת רעיונית ממענק התאזרחות לראשונה (סעיף 5(1), מסלול CA-NAT-01): חידוש החזרה מניח שהמבקש היה אזרח בשלב מוקדם כלשהו. סעיף 11(1) מנוסח בלשון חובה ('the Minister SHALL grant'), כך שברגע שהתקיימו התנאים המנויים ולא חל איסור, ההענקה היא ללא שיקול דעת. שני השערים המעשיים הם (1) הקמת מעמד של תושב קבע (PR) ו-(2) צבירת לפחות 365 ימים של נוכחות פיזית בקנדה בשנתיים שלפני הגשת הבקשה. IRCC מנהלת חידוש באמצעות זרם היישומים הייעודי שלה 'Resume Canadian citizenship', המעובד במרכז לעיבוד תיקים בסידני, נובה סקוטיה. החל מיום 2026-06-01 המסלול יציב ולא שונה מהותית על ידי Bill C-3 (S.C. 2025, C. 5); C-3 במקום זאת הרחיב מי משוחזר אוטומטית על פי חוק (ראה CA-HIS-03/HIS-04), מה שיכול לצמצם את האוכלוסייה הזקוקה לחידוש סעיף 11 בכלל.

To resume citizenship under s.11(1), an applicant must satisfy ALL of the following as of 2026-06-01: (1) be a FORMER Canadian citizen (the route does not exist for someone who was never a citizen — that person uses s.5(1) naturalization, CA-NAT-01); (2) have become a permanent resident again under IRPA (re-immigration is a precondition — s.11(1)(d)); (3) since ceasing to be a citizen, have been physically present in Canada for at least 365 days within the 2 years immediately before the application date; (4) have met any applicable Income Tax Act filing requirement for one taxation year within that period; (5) not be subject to a revocation order/decision/declaration, a former-Act s.18 order, or a s.20 GiC declaration; and (6) not be under a removal order or barred by the s.22 prohibitions (criminality/security). Because s.11(1) uses 'shall', meeting every condition makes the grant mandatory, subject only to the prohibitions. There is no language test, no knowledge (citizenship) test, and no second oath for ordinary s.11 resumption — those s.5(1) requirements do not appear in s.11.

IRCC processes resumption through its 'Resume Canadian citizenship' stream (application package available on the canada.ca resume pages). The applicant assembles: the completed resumption application form for the relevant adult or minor stream; proof of PRIOR Canadian citizenship and the manner/date it was lost (e.g., a certificate of renunciation, or records showing pre-1977 loss on foreign naturalization); proof of CURRENT permanent-resident status (PR card / Confirmation of Permanent Residence); evidence of physical presence in Canada for at least 365 days in the 2 years before the application (travel history, entry/exit records, the IRCC physical-presence support material); proof of having met any Income Tax Act filing requirement for one taxation year within that period; two photos meeting IRCC specifications; and the fee receipt. Where the applicant is a minor or an authorized representative applies, additional consent/authorization documents are required. Documents not in English or French must be accompanied by a certified translation. Exact form numbers and the current checklist must be taken from the live IRCC resume-citizenship pages at the time of application, as IRCC updates packages periodically.

The ordinary s.11 resumption pathway runs: (1) RE-IMMIGRATE — re-establish permanent-resident status under IRPA if it was lost (a separate immigration process that must conclude first); (2) ACCUMULATE PRESENCE — be physically present in Canada at least 365 days within the 2 years immediately before applying, and meet the one-year Income Tax Act filing requirement where applicable; (3) ASSEMBLE the resumption application package and pay the fee; (4) SUBMIT to IRCC (processed at the Case Processing Centre in Sydney, Nova Scotia); (5) IRCC reviews eligibility, confirms no s.11(1)(b)/(b.1)/(c) bar and no s.22 prohibition; (6) on approval the Minister grants resumption — because s.11(1) is mandatory ('shall'), approval follows once conditions are met and no prohibition exists. For adults a citizenship certificate is issued; an oath is administered to those 14 and over per IRCC practice where required. Unlike first naturalization, there is no language test and no knowledge test step. Urgent processing may be requested in qualifying circumstances. Note the re-immigration step (1) is often the longest and is governed by IRPA, not the Citizenship Act.

IRCC does not always publish a separate posted processing-time figure for resumption; the resumption application is handled by the Case Processing Centre in Sydney, Nova Scotia, and applicants should consult the live IRCC 'Check processing times' tool for the resume-citizenship line at the time of filing. For context, the adult citizenship GRANT (s.5(1)) posted processing time was about 13 months against a 12-month service standard in IRCC's 2026-27 Departmental Plan; resumption is a lower-volume stream and its timeline is tracked separately. CRITICAL TEMPORAL CAVEAT: the live IRCC processing-time widget returned a load error at fetch on 2026-06-01, so any month-count figure must be re-read same-day from the IRCC processing-times tool before being relied upon. The single largest time component for many applicants is NOT the citizenship processing itself but the prior RE-IMMIGRATION to permanent residence required by s.11(1)(d), which runs on separate IRPA timelines. No processing-time figure should be hard-cited in client advice without a same-day widget read.

נכון ל-2026-06-01, עמלת IRCC עבור אזרחות RESUME היא 530.00 CAD למבוגר (18 ומעלה) ו-100.00 CAD לאדם מתחת לגיל 18, לפי רשימת דמי האזרחות וההגירה של IRCC (שינוי בתאריך 2026-04-30). עמלות חידוש אלו נבדלות מסכום ההתאזרחות למבוגרים בסך 653.00 CAD (שהם עיבוד של 530 CAD בתוספת דמי זכות האזרחות בסך 123 CAD). דמי זכות האזרחות, שעלו ל-123.00 CAD החל מ-2026-03-31, חלים על מענקי אזרחות; קו אזרחות קורות חיים ברשימת העמלות של IRCC מצוין כ-530.00 CAD (18) ו- CAD 100.00 (מתחת לגיל 18). על המועמדים גם לתקצב את העלויות הנפרדות, ולעיתים גדולות יותר, של ההגירה המחודשת הקודמת למגורי קבע (דמי טיפול ב-IRPA ודמי זכות מגורים קבועים), הנשלטות על פי לוח דמי ההגירה, ולא על ידי האזרחות. יש לאשר מחדש את כל נתוני העמלות מול רשימת העמלות החיות של IRCC בזמן הגשת הבקשה, מכיוון שהעמלות מוצמדות מדי שנה לפי חוק דמי השירות.

הוראת השליטה היא סעיף 11(1) לחוק האזרחות, R.S.C. 1985, ג. C-29. שרשרת המקור שלה היא R.S. 1985, ג. C-29; 2005, ג. 17; 2008, ג. 14; 2014, ג. 22; ו-2017, ג. 14, ש'. 7. סעיף 11(1) קובע כי השר ייתן אזרחות למי שפונה ו: (ב) אינו כפוף לצו/החלטה/הכרזה לביטול או לצו סעיף 18 לשעבר בחוק; (ב.1) אינו כפוף להצהרת הנגיד במועצה לפי סעיף 20; (ג) אינו נתון לצו הרחקה ואינו נושא הצהרת ביטחון/פליליות; ו-(ד) הפך לתושב קבע ומאז שהפסיק להיות אזרח, היה נוכח פיזית בקנדה במשך 365 ימים לפחות במהלך השנתיים מיד לפני הבקשה, ועמד בכל דרישה החלה להגשת חוק מס הכנסה למשך שנת מס אחת בתוך אותה תקופה. איבר 'intent to reside' לשעבר בסעיף 11(1)(ה) בוטלה על ידי S.C. 2017, c. 14, ש'. 7 (Bill C-6). הנוכחות-תחליף של הכוחות המזוינים הקנדיים יושב בסעיף 11(1.1)/(1.2). הבחירות הנפרדות לתיקון המגדר לפי סעיף 11(2) הן מסלול אחר (CA-RST-02), לא זה. 'Court' לכל ביקורת פירושו בית המשפט הפדרלי (הגדרה של סעיף 2(1)).

The decision-maker for s.11 resumption is the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, acting through IRCC officers under delegated authority; applications are administered at the Case Processing Centre in Sydney, Nova Scotia. Because s.11(1) is cast in mandatory terms ('the Minister SHALL grant'), the officer's role is to verify that each statutory condition is met and that no prohibition (s.11(1)(b)/(b.1)/(c) or s.22) applies — it is not a discretionary, weighing-of-factors grant in the way the s.5(4) special grant is. This makes resumption an entitlement-style decision once the gateways (former citizen, PR status, 365 days/2 years presence, tax filing, no bar) are satisfied. Citizenship is an exclusively federal jurisdiction under s.91(25) of the Constitution Act, 1867 ('Naturalization and Aliens'); no province (including Quebec) grants or resumes citizenship. There is no provincial role in a resumption decision.

There is no statutory administrative appeal tribunal for a citizenship resumption refusal; the avenue is judicial review in the Federal Court (the s.2(1) definition of 'Court' is the Federal Court), brought under the Federal Courts Act framework. The governing standard of review is presumptive REASONABLENESS, per Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v. Vavilov, 2019 SCC 65, [2019] 4 SCR 653, which sets the administrative-law framework for review of IRCC and Ministerial citizenship decisions; correctness is reserved for limited categories such as constitutional questions and general questions of law of central importance. Because s.11(1) is mandatory, the live issues on review of a resumption refusal are typically whether a statutory condition (former-citizen status, PR status, the 365-days/2-years presence, tax filing) was met and whether a prohibition was correctly applied, rather than the exercise of broad discretion. Notably, Vavilov itself arose in a citizenship-certificate context, making it directly apposite to citizenship-status decisions.

Canada permits dual (and multiple) citizenship without restriction, and has done so since 15 February 1977, the commencement of the Citizenship Act (S.C. 1974-75-76, c. 108). Resumption under s.11 therefore does NOT require the applicant to renounce any foreign nationality, and a resumed Canadian citizen may lawfully retain their other citizenship(s). This is a meaningful contrast with the pre-1977 regime under the 1947 Canadian Citizenship Act, under which a Canadian who voluntarily acquired a foreign nationality generally lost Canadian citizenship automatically — the very mechanism that produced some of today's resumption candidates. The current Act contains no provision requiring renunciation of a foreign citizenship as a condition of resumption. Applicants should, however, separately verify whether their OTHER country of nationality restricts dual citizenship, because resuming Canadian status could have consequences under that other country's law — a matter outside Canadian jurisdiction and requiring that country's legal advice.