שיקום / חידוש אזרחות שאבדה (על פי חוק)

The eligible class is defined purely negatively-then-positively: any person who has lost Chilean nationality under ANY of the four Art 11 grounds — "cualquiera de las causales establecidas en este artículo" — may be the subject of a rehabilitation law. The constitutional text draws NO distinction between voluntary loss (renunciation, Nº1) and involuntary/executive deprivation (war-service decree Nº2, carta cancellation Nº3) or legislative revocation (grace revocation Nº4): all four are treated identically for rehabilitation purposes. No minimum time elapsed since loss, no proof of good conduct, no reciprocity condition, no residency-in-Chile requirement, and no age threshold appears in the pinned constitutional text — the entire eligibility gate as decoded is the antecedent fact of having lost nationality under Art 11. Because restoration is achieved "por ley," the National Congress retains plenary discretion to impose whatever substantive conditions it chooses in the specific enabling bill; the Constitution supplies no template constraining that discretion, paralleling the equally open-ended "especial gracia de nacionalización por ley" grant under Art 10 Nº4 (CL-GRC-01) for foreigners who never held Chilean nationality. No decoded primary source (DFL 5.142, Ley 21.325, Reglamento DS 296) adds eligibility criteria for Art 11 rehabilitation specifically.

The sole constitutionally pinned procedural requirement is enactment "por ley": an ordinary statute, introduced by presidential message or congressional motion, approved by both chambers, and promulgated/published in the Diario Oficial. No fast-track administrative channel, ministry, or agency is named for nationality rehabilitation in the decoded corpus. This contrasts sharply with the detailed carta-processing machinery documented for CL-NAT-01/02/03 (application at SERMIG, Ministerio del Interior resolution, Rol de Cartas registration, fees, criminal-record and tax certificates under DFL 5.142) — none of that apparatus is cross-referenced to Art 11 rehabilitation. Ley 21.325 Art 87 channels the procedure for "obtención, pérdida y acreditación de la nacionalidad" to DFL 5.142, but neither DFL 5.142 nor Ley 21.325 contains a rehabilitation-specific implementing provision; a search of the decoded DFL 5.142 text for 'rehabilita' returns no hit. In practice a rehabilitation law is understood to be an individualized bill naming the restored person(s), analogous in legislative form to a grace-nationalization law (CL-GRC-01), but no such enabling/general statute establishing a standing rehabilitation procedure, fee schedule, or application form is present in the primary corpus.

Const. Art 11 inciso final (current consolidated text, Capítulo II 'Nacionalidad y Ciudadanía'): "Los que hubieren perdido la nacionalidad chilena por cualquiera de las causales establecidas en este artículo, sólo podrán ser rehabilitados por ley." This closing paragraph attaches a SINGLE restoration mechanism to ALL FOUR loss grounds enumerated in Art 11: voluntary renunciation (Nº1, CL-LOS-01), war-service deprivation by supreme decree (Nº2, CL-LOS-02), cancellation of the carta de nacionalización (Nº3, CL-LOS-03), and revocation of grace nationalization by law (Nº4, CL-LOS-04). The operative verb is exclusive — "sólo.. por ley" — meaning restoration requires a formal statute enacted through the ordinary bicameral legislative process (Cámara de Diputados and Senado) and promulgated by the President for Diario Oficial publication. This must not be conflated with a textually distinct Senate-only attribution: "Otorgar la rehabilitación de la ciudadanía en el caso del artículo 17, número 3° de esta Constitución," which restores CITIZENSHIP (ciudadanía) lost through criminal conviction, not NATIONALITY (nacionalidad) lost under Art 11. The rehabilitation-only-by-law formula predates the 1980 charter: the 1925 Constitution's Art 6 already provided "Los que hubieren perdido la nacionalidad chilena por cualquiera de las causales establecidas en este artículo, solo podrán ser rehabilitados por lei" (period orthography), and Ley 20.050 (2005) — which substituted Nº1 and derogated the old Nº3 of Art 11 — left this final-inciso clause untouched in both the intermediate post-2005 consolidated text and the current refundido.

The competent authority is the National Congress (Congreso Nacional) acting through its ordinary bicameral lawmaking procedure — Cámara de Diputados and Senado — followed by presidential promulgation and Diario Oficial publication; this is the SAME general lawmaking channel used for grace nationalization (CL-GRC-01) and for revoking a grace nationalization (CL-LOS-04), not a specialized nationality-administration body. It is NOT the Ministerio del Interior y Seguridad Pública / SERMIG (which processes ordinary and qualified cartas under DFL 5.142 and Ley 21.325 Art 157 Nº8), and it is NOT the Senate acting alone (which restores citizenship, not nationality, under its separate Art 17 Nº3 attribution). No executive-branch officer, ministry, or court appears in the decoded primary corpus as independently competent to rehabilitate nationality; the Corte Suprema's Art 12 jurisdiction (CL-RCL-01) is limited to reviewing administrative acts of deprivation and is textually distinct from a rehabilitation grant.

Once a rehabilitating law is enacted and promulgated (Diario Oficial publication), the named person again holds Chilean nationality 'por ley' — the same instrument that operates the restoration. Because Art 17 Nº1 makes loss of citizenship (ciudadanía) DERIVATIVE of loss of nationality ("La calidad de ciudadano se pierde: 1º.- Por pérdida de la nacionalidad chilena"), the removal of that triggering condition upon rehabilitation would logically also remove the Nº1 basis for continued citizenship loss — but no decoded primary provision EXPRESSLY states that citizenship automatically revives upon nationality rehabilitation; this is an inference from Art 17's derivative structure, not a directly pinned rule, and is flagged accordingly (see ). No fee, oath, or additional administrative condition beyond the rehabilitating law itself is specified. A rehabilitation law is an individualized act of Congress and does not route through SERMIG, the Ministerio del Interior, the Rol de Cartas, or any DFL 5.142 registry mechanism documented for ordinary or qualified naturalization (CL-NAT-01/02).