Cidadania económica por investimento (FECHADO)
Cidadania em Montenegro
- Elegibilidade
- Cidadania por investimento através do programa de investimento especial Art-12 (Decisão Sl. lista CG 79/2018; alteração 12/20.143/21.68/22): 100.000 euros de fundo governamental + 250.000 euros (norte/centro subdesenvolvido) ou 450.000 euros (Podgorica desenvolvida/costeira). Lançado em 1º de janeiro de 2019; FECHADO em 31 de dezembro de 2022 pelo próprio pôr do sol da Decisão.
- Renúncia
- Não exigida
Visão geral
ME-HIS-01 is Montenegro's now-closed citizenship-by-investment (CBI) route — the 'special investment program' (poseban program ulaganja) that allowed a foreign investor and his family to acquire Montenegrin citizenship by admission (prijemom) in exchange for a defined package of state-fund and development-project contributions. It is documented as a HISTORICAL route: operative_today is FALSE. The program was not a free-standing statutory pathway; it was an OPERATIONALIZATION of the extraordinary state-interest grant in Article 12 of the Law on Montenegrin Citizenship, channelled through a dedicated Government Decision (Odluka o kriterijumima, načinu i postupku izbora lica koje može steći crnogorsko državljanstvo prijemom radi realizacije posebnog programa ulaganja od posebnog značaja za privredni i ekonomski interes Crne Gore, Službeni list CG br. 79/2018), adopted at the Government session of 22 November 2018. Who qualified: a person (the 'aplikant') who, through a licensed intermediary agent, applied for himself and his family members (spouse; dependent children of 18+ whom he supported; children under 18 who could acquire on majority — Art 13 of the Decision), paid the prescribed procedure costs and state-development deposit, invested in an approved tourism/agriculture/processing development project, and obtained a positive opinion from a licensed international due-diligence agent including proof of the source of funds. Its place in the ME framework is distinctive: Montenegro's ordinary naturalization (Art 8) requires 10 years of legal continuous residence and release from prior citizenship, whereas the Art 12 route on which CBI rode 'exceptionally' waives all Art 8 conditions — so the program functioned as a discretionary, money-for-passport carve-out that bypassed both the decade-long residence and the renunciation requirement. The program launched on 1 January 2019 and CLOSED on 31 December 2022 by the Decision's own sunset clause (not a separate repeal decree), after the original 31 December 2021 expiry was extended by amendments 12/2020, 143/2021 and 68/2022. As of the most recent MIA (Montenegrin Investment Agency) data — November 2023, roughly one year after closure — the programme had approved 484 of approximately 1,100 applications received between January 2019 and December 2022, with 413 still pending; the majority of applicants were Russian and Chinese nationals (secondary T2, MIA-stated; no primary government statistical release was published).
Base jurídica
The governing chain is two-tiered. The PRIMARY statutory anchor is Article 12 of the Law on Montenegrin Citizenship (consolidated through 77/2024). The native operative text reads: 'Lice čiji prijem u crnogorsko državljanstvo je od posebnog značaja za državni, naučni, privredni, kulturni, ekonomski, sportski i drugi interes Crne Gore može, izuzetno, steći crnogorsko državljanstvo prijemom i ako ne ispunjava uslove iz člana 8 ovog zakona' — i.e. a person whose admission is of special importance for the state, scientific, economic, cultural, sporting or other interest of Montenegro may, EXCEPTIONALLY, acquire citizenship by admission even if he does not meet the Article 8 conditions. Article 12(2) assigns the decision to the Ministry of the Interior (organ državne uprave nadležan za unutrašnje poslove) acting on the proposal of the President of Montenegro, the Speaker of Parliament or the Prime Minister. The SECONDARY (implementing) instrument is the 2018 Government Decision (Sl. list CG 79/2018), itself adopted 'na osnovu člana 3a stav 2 Odluke o kriterijumima za utvrđivanje naučnog, privrednog, ekonomskog, kulturnog i sportskog interesa Crne Gore za sticanje crnogorskog državljanstva prijemom' (br. 34/10, 40/16, 62/18) — so the formal pedigree runs: Citizenship Law Art 12 → Odluka o kriterijumima (criteria decision) Art 3a(2) → the 79/2018 special-program Decision. Amendment history of the Decision: original duration Art 18 set it to apply from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021; that window was extended by Sl. list CG 12/2020, 143/2021 and 68/2022 to a hard stop of 31 December 2022. The Citizenship-Law amendment cascade in force across the program's life is 13/2008 · 40/2010 · 28/2011 · 46/2011 · 20/2014 (Constitutional Court annulment) · 54/2016 · 73/2019 · 77/2024 (Art 12 unchanged in substance throughout). Pins: ME-PRIMARY-04:Art 1 (subject), ME-PRIMARY-04:Art 18 (duration), ME-PRIMARY-01b:Art 12 / ME-PRIMARY-01:Art 12 (statutory anchor, native+EN).
Cenários de exemplo
Os cenários de exemplo são exibidos em inglês.
not eligible — the citizenship-by-investment programme is closed; no prospective investor can acquire citizenship this way
ME-HIS-01 is operative_today: false. The 2018 Decision (Sl. list CG 79/2018) applied from 1 Jan 2019 and, after extensions via 12/2020, 143/2021 and 68/2022, lapsed by its OWN sunset clause (Art 18) on 31 December 2022 — with no separate repeal and no successor instrument (ME-ASSERT-064). Art 12 of the Law survives, but it is a DISCRETIONARY high-office state-interest grant (decided by the MUP on proposal of the President/Speaker/PM), never an investor entitlement and never purchasable (ME-ASSERT-056/066).
conditional — a pre-cutoff pipeline application retains a right to be adjudicated and appealed
On the moderate/liberal reading, applications complete BEFORE the 31 Dec 2022 cutoff survived the sunset: the Decision's Arts 14-16 processing machinery (cap of 2,000, ME-ASSERT-063) contemplated decisions issuing across the programme's duration, and the general Law Art 29(3) one-year-decision duty plus Art 29(4) upravni spor remedy give a pinned basis to compel a reasoned decision and appeal a refusal — consistent with documented post-closure processing and litigation before the Administrative Court. No NEW application can be filed.
not eligible (retention) — his programme-acquired citizenship is revocable for false data/concealment, with no refund
Decision Art 17: if a programme citizen is later found to have given false data or concealed material facts, the MUP initiates loss of citizenship under the Citizenship Law, with NO refund of paid sums (ME-ASSERT-067). This dovetails with Law Art 24(1)(2) ex-lege loss for a decision procured by false statement or deliberate concealment (ME-ASSERT-088); because he retains Chinese citizenship, the statelessness carve-out does not save him. The loss must still respect the Art 31(3) hearing right and upravni spor review.
eligible (retention) — a good-faith programme citizen with truthful filings is not exposed to loss merely because of the programme's controversy
Decision Art 17 and Law Art 24(1)(2) trigger loss only on a FAULT-based threshold — false data or intentional concealment of material facts (ME-ASSERT-067/088). A truthful holder does not meet that threshold, and any loss decision must respect the Art 31(3) right to be heard and the upravni spor remedy. Controversy alone is not an Art 24 ground; her status stands.
conditional — Montenegro committed to initiate loss proceedings, but actual loss still requires an established Art 24 ground
Montenegro publicly committed to initiate loss proceedings for any programme citizen appearing on international sanctions lists (era_context). However, sanctions-listing is not itself a self-executing loss trigger: actual ex-lege loss requires an Art 24 ground to be made out — e.g., fraud (Art 24(1)(2)) or conduct seriously harming Montenegro's vital interests (Art 24(1)(8), operationalised by Art 17 Government criteria, ME-ASSERT-091). He retains the Art 31(3) hearing and upravni spor review. Elevated risk, not automatic loss.
eligible (retention) — the historical grant was validly made and stands; family members retained too
His grant satisfied the gazette-pinned monetary architecture of Decision Art 10(1) (EUR 15,000 procedure + EUR 100,000 regional development + EUR 450,000 coastal/Podgorica project) with a positive due-diligence opinion and source-of-funds proof (ME-ASSERT-062/065). Family members (spouse + dependent adult child) were eligible under Decision Art 13. Absent any Art 17 false-data/concealment finding, the grant is not revocable; the programme being closed to NEW intake (Art 18 sunset) does not unwind validly issued grants.
Resumo informativo compilado a partir de fontes legais primárias — não é aconselhamento jurídico. A lei de cidadania muda; verifique com a autoridade competente antes de agir. Verificado pela última vez em 2026-06-27.
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