Naturalization — spouse or parent of a Panamanian (3-year)

Example scenarios

• Eligible via this route if conditions of Const Art 10(2); DL 3/2008 are met.

  Foreigners with 3 consecutive years of residence who have a Panamanian SPOUSE, OR children born in Panama of a Panamanian father or mother, on the same declaration + proof as Art 10(1) (Const Art 10(2) — one numeral covering both the spouse and the parent-of-Panamanian sub-cases).

• Outcome turns on the precise statutory condition; see TRC tiers.

  A foreigner who is married to a Panamanian, OR who has a child born in Panama of a Panamanian father or mother, may naturalize after THREE consecutive years of residence under Constitution Art 10 numeral 2 (versus the ordinary five years). Only ONE of the two relationships is needed. The reduced term is the sole relaxation: the applicant must still be of legal majority, EXPRESSLY renounce the nationality of origin (Panama does not permit a naturalized citizen to retain dual nationality — Art 13 makes naturalized nationality losable), pass the Tribunal Electoral Spanish + civics/geography/histo

• Eligible via the 3-year spouse route

  Art 10(2): 3 consecutive years' residence for the spouse of a Panamanian, on the same declaration + Spanish/civics proof.

• Eligible via the 3-year parent route

  Art 10(2) covers, in ONE numeral, both the spouse of a Panamanian and the parent of a Panamanian child born in Panama.

• 3-yr spouse route not yet supportable

  Art 10(2) keys on being the spouse of a Panamanian with 3 years' residence; a very recent marriage invites scrutiny of the qualifying relationship.