Descent — child of Panamanian-by-birth parent, born abroad

Example scenarios

• Third-generation · nationality: grandparent was Panamanian

  No automatic descent

  Art 9(2) reaches the CHILD of a Panamanian parent; there is no open-ended grandparent/ancestry route — each generation must itself satisfy Art 9 (domicile + parent's status). Positive disconfirmation.

• Eligible via this route if conditions of Const Art 9(2) are met.

  Child born abroad to a father or mother who is Panamanian by birth, IF the child establishes domicile in the national territory (Const Art 9(2)). Domicile is the activation condition — not birth-automatic.

• Outcome turns on the precise statutory condition; see TRC tiers.

  PA-DSC-01 is a natural-born ('por nacimiento') descent route under Const Art 9(2), available to a child born abroad to a father OR mother who is Panamanian by birth, where the parent already held Panamanian nationality at the time of the child's birth. It is NOT automatic at birth: the operative act is establishing domicile in Panamanian national territory, which the Tribunal Electoral / Registro Civil operationalizes by requiring a 'certificacion de residencia' (in practice in the Panamanian parent's name) plus a sworn declaration of biological parentage/non-adoption, registered via the neare

• Diego · nationality: Panamanian-born father

  Panamanian by descent once domiciled

  Art 9(2): a child born abroad to a Panamanian-by-birth parent is Panamanian if the child establishes domicile in the national territory — domicile is the activation condition, not automatic at birth.

• Lucia · nationality: Panamanian mother, never moved

  Not yet Panamanian (domicile pending)

  Art 9(2) requires establishing domicile in Panama; without it the descent claim is inchoate.