Country profile · SK

Slovakia

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Free: Slovakia Document Checklist

The standard documents required for most Slovakia citizenship applications — birth records, marriage certificates, apostilles, translations. Delivered as a PDF to your email.

Important: This is a generic starting checklist. Your specific case may require additional or substitute documents — particularly for older ancestors, mixed nationalities, or special programs. For a case-specific checklist verified against your exact facts, book Route Guidance (₪700).

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Free: Slovakia Document Checklist

Want a definitive verdict on your Slovakia eligibility?

AdoptionVerified96%International Adoption — §6 OsvojenieRequires Slovak court adoption decision with ≥1 Slovak adoptive parent. Foreign adoption requires ZMPS Act 97/1963 recognition first.

BirthVerified96%Citizenship by Birth — Jus Sanguinis (§5 Act 40/1993 Z.z.)Child of at least one SK citizen parent at birth.

BirthVerified95%Foundling — Statelessness Avoidance (§5 Act 40/1993)Foundling — Statelessness Avoidance (§5 Act 40/1993)

BirthVerified95%Birth — Determination of Paternity (§7 Act 40/1993)Birth — Determination of Paternity (§7 Act 40/1993)

CBVerified97%Hungarian-Minority Bilateral Receiver-Side (Status Law + Act 250/2010 + Act 72/2022)Cascade-distinctive Hungarian-minority bilateral receiver-side.

CBVerified95%1946 Czechoslovak-Hungarian Population Exchange (Receiver-Side)~89,660 Hungarians transferred FROM SK TO HU (forcibly); ~73,200 Slovaks transferred FROM HU TO SK (voluntarily). Receiver-side perspective.

CBVerified96%Holocaust Restitution Coordination (SK-IL Bilateral Practice)Coupled with SK-DSC-02. Czechoslovak-citizenship continuity required. JPR estimates 7,963 Law-of-Return-eligible persons in Israel with Slovak-Jewish origin.

CBVerified96%Vojvodina Slovaks (Slovaks Living Abroad — Serbia)Cascade-FIRST quantification (D3): Vojvodina Slovak minority dominant uptake; 2,207 osvedčenie certificates issued in 2016 alone; 82 SK citizenship grants from this pathway in 2016.

DescentVerified97%Descent Restoration — 3 Generations (§7(2)(j) Act 72/2022)3-generation lookback. Discretionary grant. Pending LP/2025/650 (eff. 2026-07-15).

DescentVerified96%Holocaust / Wartime Slovak State Cohort Restoration (§7(2)(j) + Czechoslovak Continuity)Wartime Slovak State citizenship void ab initio per nullity doctrine.

DescentVerified95%1928 USA-CS Naturalization Convention Cohort (§7 ods.4)Pre-1997 §31 cohort restoration via §7 ods.4.

HistoricalVerified97%Hungarian-Crown → ČSR Transition (Act 11/1918 + Act 236/1920 + Trianon)Hungarian-Crown → ČSR Transition.

HistoricalVerified95%First Vienna Award Transferees (1938-11-02 → 1945)503,980 Hungarians transferred (NOT 272,145).

HistoricalVerified95%Wartime Slovak State 1939-1945Sovereign Axis state. Void ab initio per Czechoslovak nullity doctrine.

HistoricalVerified97%Beneš Decrees in SK + SNR Ordinance 104/1945 + Population ExchangeDecree 88/1945 federal NOT Slovak. SNR Ordinance 104/1945 = Slovak agricultural confiscation.

HistoricalVerified97%Communist-Era Emigration Loss (Act 194/1949 + Act 206/1968)Communist-era emigration loss. Const. Act 143/1968 federation. Act 206/1968 4 days BEFORE CZ.

HistoricalVerified97%Slovak Option INTO-SK §3 (1-year Window 1993)INVERSE of CZ §18. 1-year window. Sdělení 235/1995 + Oznámenie 251/1995 Z.z.

MarriageVerified96%Spouse Pathway — 5y Shared Household in SK (§7(2)(a))Marriage + 5y shared household in SK.

MilitaryVerified96%Pre-1989 Military Service (Historical)Pre-1989 Military Service (Historical)

NaturalizationVerified97%Standard Naturalization — 8y Permanent Residence (§7(1) + §8)8y permanent residence. Slovak language B1 + civics + clean record + financial means.

NaturalizationVerified96%Reduced-Residency — Spouse, Stateless, Refugee, Significant ContributionReduced-residency variants.

NaturalizationVerified97%EU Citizen Reduced Pathway (§7 + Directive 2004/38/EC)EU Citizen Reduced Pathway.

NaturalizationVerified97%Slovaks Living Abroad Reduced Pathway (§7(3) + Act 474/2005)ÚSŽZ osvedčenie + 3y ANY residence + Slovak language exam exemption.

RestorationVerified97%Post-2010 Act 250/2010 Loss Cohort Restoration (§7(7) Retrospective)Retrospective restoration ~4,059 cohort.

RestorationVerified96%Post-1948 Communist-Era Emigré Restoration (Act 88/1990 + §2 Inheritance)Federal Act 88/1990. Deadline 31 Dec 1993. §2 inheritance bridge.

RestorationVerified96%Hungarian-Minority Post-Beneš Restoration (Decree 76/1948 + Act 245/1948 — Wave 5 reframed)Wave 5 reframed: Decree 76/1948 + Act 245/1948 (oath of loyalty), NOT Act 72/1958.

SpecialVerified96%Asylum / Refugee Reduced-Residency (§7(2)(e) + Act 480/2002)4y reduced-residency for refugees.

SpecialVerified97%Stateless Person Reduction (§7(2)(h) + 1961 UN Convention)3y reduced-residency for stateless.

SpecialVerified97%Significant-Contribution / Merit Pathway (§7(2)(b))Merit/significant contribution. Minister of Interior decides.

XCTVerified97%Act 250/2010 §9(16) Dual-Citizenship Loss (Restriction Era 2010-2022)Pl. ÚS 11/2012-137 procedural NON-DECISION. ECHR Fehér+Dolník inadmissible.

XCTVerified96%Voluntary Loss / Renunciation (§9 pre-2010 / current)Voluntary Loss / Renunciation.

XCTVerified95%Loss for Serious Threat to State (§9 narrow)Loss for Serious Threat to State.

XCTVerified95%2024 Bilateral Treaty Withdrawals (1961 SK-HU + 1980 USSR-CSSR)