Luxembourg

Child adopted by LU national acquires LU nationality, simple or full adoption per Hague Convention framework.

Tripartite NL+BE+LU framework: 1944 Customs Union (in force 1948); 1958 Economic Union (in force 1960); 2008 Union revision (in force 2012). Common travel + economic union. NOT CITIZENSHIP-CONFERRING (anti-fabrication FATAL pattern). Extends NL #26 BENELUX_BILATERAL marker to TRIPARTITE.

BLEU (Union économique belgo-luxembourgeoise) signed 1921, predates Benelux Customs Union by 23 years. Currency union absorbed into euro 1999 but treaty framework continues. Bilateral (LU-BE) distinct from trilateral Benelux.

Schengen Agreement signed 1985-06-14 at Schengen village, LU (tripoint FR-DE-LU). LU = founding signatory AND DEPOSITARY STATE for Schengen Convention. Triple-special-status in Schengen architecture.

Bilateral labor migration agreement underlying Portuguese community in LU (92,101 = 14.5% population — largest foreign group).

Children born in LU to non-native parents acquire LU nationality at age 12 via option procedure (NOT automatic acquisition at age 18 — VC-LU-040 correction). Conditions: (a) 5 years resided in LU AND (b) one parent had 12+ consecutive months legal residence immediately prior to birth.

Article 7 of Loi 8/3/2017: persons born in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg before a sliding threshold (in 2026 = pre-19 April 1948; advances 1 year every January 1; original anchor 1939) suffice to establish LU nationality at any date. Cascade-FIRST temporal sliding window mechanism — no peer cascade

Standard jus sanguinis acquisition at birth regardless of place of birth, provided at least one parent is a LU national.

Deprivation/loss procedures under Loi 8/3/2017 Articles 25-27. CJEU Rottmann/Tjebbes proportionality applicable.

8-amendment Reform Arc of Loi 8/3/2017 (most-rapidly-amended nationality statute in cohort): Loi 20/7/2018 + Loi 20/6/2020 + Loi 19/12/2020 + Loi 30/7/2021 + Loi 23/12/2022 (extended Article 89 sunset to 2025-12-31) + Loi 8/3/2023 + Loi 23/8/2023 (vivre-ensemble interculturel) + Loi 18/12/2024. 4 su

Government-in-exile (London 1940-1944) declared all German occupation measures null and void in 1941, reaffirmed 1944. This is the legal basis for IMPLICIT restoration of LU nationality of Nazi-era denat victims — distinct from NL Article 28 RWN (explicit) and HR Article 30a (explicit posthumous dee

Descent through unbroken chain of LU nationals (mother and/or father).

Descent claim via LU ancestor abroad. Brazilian cohort dominant (12,661 Article 89 recoveries; 30% of 41,569 total; 2018→2023 LU-Brazilian community grew 10x from 2,844 to 26,743). USA 3,886 (~6% uptake of 60-70K 19th-century emigrant pool).

LU is unitary with no external territories. N/A bucket.

Original recovery framework under Loi 23/10/2008 (in force 2009-02-01). Article 29 closed when Loi 2017 came into force 2017-04-01 (statute renamed to Article 89; same substance; sunset framework introduced). VC-LU-001 corrects: 'Article 29' refers to historical Loi 2008 only.

Civil/military Luxembourgers in territory ceded to Belgium by Treaty of London 1839-04-19 (65% of LU territory; 4,730 km²; 175,000 people) retained LU nationality. Pre-modern statute still operative jurisprudentially — Tribunal administratif Case 47060/2022 explicit citation.

Pre-modern nationality framework; relevant for ancestor verification in Article 89 recovery + Article 7 sliding window.

LU has no indigenous people; FCNM signed-only with formal 'no national minorities present' declaration; ILO 169 not ratified. Sub-jurisdiction also N/A (unitary; 12 cantons + 102 communes administrative-only).

Spouse of LU national may acquire LU nationality by option after 3 years marriage + 1 year LU residence.

Nazi-era forced conscription cohort. 10,211 men + 3,614 women = 13,825 total. 1,764 deaths. German 'Staatsbürgerschaft auf Widerruf' (revocable citizenship) mechanism for conscript legitimization. Post-war Loi 25/02/1967 recognition as 'victimes du nazisme'.

Loi 25/02/1967 recognized enrôlés de force as 'victimes du nazisme' but EXCLUDED Shoah victims. 54-year recognition gap closed only by 2021 WJRO (World Jewish Restitution Organization) property/compensation agreement. Compensation-only framework, NOT nationality restoration.

5-year legal residence (down from 7 — 2017 reform), final year uninterrupted, Sproochentest pass (A2 oral expression + B1 oral comprehension at INLL, EUR 75), 'Vivre ensemble au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg' 24-hour course (FREE) OR pass test, 8-month ministerial decision deadline, 15-year background c

20-year resident option: 24-hour LB language course participation only (no Sproochentest exam pass required) — VC-LU-016.

Voluntary military service to Luxembourg → option pathway.

Stateless person procedure under 1954 Convention + LU ratification 1960. Cour administrative Case 152 documents reasoning.

Remaining 6 of 10 option cases (VC-LU-032: 10 NOT 11): includes parent who lost LU nationality, child of mixed marriage, refugee, etc. Full enumeration via Min Justice EN flyer + Guichet.

Post-sunset administrative continuation: 252 in-processing dossiers; 163 late submissions (treatment TBD); 39 rejected appeals expected through Cour administrative 2026-2027.

Recovery of LU nationality for descendants of any person who was a Luxembourger on 1 January 1900. Sunset 2025-12-31 EXECUTED. Final balance: 41,569 recoveries (12,661 Brazilians + 3,886 Americans = 40% dominant). 252 in transitional processing. 39 rejected. 163 late submissions. 584 didn't meet req

Administrative continuation of Article 89 dossiers filed before 2025-12-31 deadline. Tribunal administratif + Cour administrative appeals through 2026-2027.

Stateless person procedure under 1954 Convention (ratified 1960) + 1961 Convention (acceded 2017). LU Cour administrative case law: Case 152, 46365C, 46806C, 18260C document statelessness adjudication framework.

LU ratified 1957 Married Women Convention 1977, DENOUNCED 2008 (notification 2007-07-12). Methodologically distinct from cohort (BE/NL etc. remained party post-CEDAW). Unique LU legal-housekeeping move.

LU CRC Article 7 declaration: 'no obstacle to legal process in respect of anonymous births' (accouchement sous X). Cohort-distinctive — connects to foundling-statelessness analysis vector.

EU citizenship derivative rights via TFEU Article 20. LU implements CJEU proportionality test (Rottmann 2010, Tjebbes 2019, JY 2022) in deprivation procedures. Wagner v Luxembourg ECtHR 2007 confirms Article 8/14 applicability.

Cross-border worker framework (~220,000 daily commuters from FR/BE/DE) — does NOT confer LU nationality. EU freedom of movement framework.

Cross-border framework with Belgium (Province de Luxembourg + Arelerland). Treaty of London 1839 ceded 65% LU territory + 175,000 people to Belgium. Arelerland = Luxembourgish-speaking Belgian sub-region. ~27,212 LU nationals resident in Belgium; ~50K daily commuters. BLEU 1921 + Benelux Tripartite

Cross-border framework with Germany (Moselle / Saarland). Historical Gau Moselland annexation 1942-1944. ~20,466 LU nationals resident in Germany; ~50K daily commuters from Germany. Post-war reintegration framework rooted in 1941/1944 nullification declarations.

Cross-border framework with France (Lorraine border). ~32,925 LU nationals resident in France; ~120K daily commuters from France into LU. Schengen tripoint at Schengen village FR-DE-LU. Does NOT confer LU nationality.