Passport Path
RestorationBR-RST-04

הפסד היסטורי לפני EC 131/2023 (דוקטרינת הוריג)

אזרחות בBrazil

זכאות
דוקטרינת קדם-EC 131/2023: רכישה מרצון של אזרחות אחרת מרמזת על אובדן אוטומטי; חריגים: מקור אחר + הטלת חוק זר (STF MS 33.864)
לוח זמנים
Estimated 6-24 months processing depending on category
ויתור על אזרחות
לא נדרש

דף זה תורגם אוטומטית. הגרסה האנגלית היא המחייבת.

סקירה כללית

This route covers the historical loss of Brazilian nationality under the regime that applied before EC 131/2023 (Constitutional Amendment 131 of 2023) — the era of the Hoerig doctrine. Route family: RST (restoration/loss) | Mode of acquisition: historical.

Eligibility synthesis: Under the pre-EC 131/2023 doctrine, the voluntary acquisition of another nationality entailed the automatic loss of Brazilian nationality, subject to two exceptions: holding another nationality of origin, and cases where the foreign law imposed the nationality (STF MS 33.864 — the Supreme Federal Court's Hoerig decision).

Operational context: Route BR-RST-04 forms part of the constitutional framework of CF/88 Art 12 (the 1988 Federal Constitution) and its sub-constitutional implementation (Lei 13.445/2017, the Migration Law; Decreto 9.199/2017, its implementing regulation; and Portaria MJ 623/2020, the ministerial ordinance on naturalization). EC 131/2023 introduced a dual relaxation of the rules on loss and reacquisition: (1) a Brazilian who acquires another nationality NO LONGER loses Brazilian nationality of origin; and (2) former Brazilians may recover their nationality of origin. It rewrote CF Art 12 §4 II and §5. Before EC 131/2023, the Hoerig doctrine (STF MS 33.864 — First Panel, rapporteur Justice Roberto Barroso, judged 19/04/2016, decision published 20/09/2016) mandated automatic loss except in the two cases noted above (another nationality of origin; imposition by foreign law). Operative: yes, in force as of 2026-05-17.

מי זכאי

Critérios cumulativos: (a) ex-brasileiro pelo critério originados1-EC p. 131/2023); (ב) requerimento דרך פורטל MJ/PF; (ג) 18 meses precariedade reaquisição (Portaria MJ 623/2020); (ד) recurso ao Coordenador-Geral de Política Migratória 10 dias; (e) exceção ressalvada apatridia (CF Art 12 §4 II pós-EC 131/2023); (ו) דוקטרינה Hoerig (STF MS 33.864) substituída para casos pós-EC 131/2023.

[Apex Anchors — BR Constitucional 1988 + Lei de Migração 2017 Architecture v2026]: Constituição Federal 1988-10-05 Art 12 estabelece taxonomia tripartite brasileiros natos (Art 12 I a/b/c) + IIb brasileiros naturalis (Art 12) indígenas com Estatuto sui generis (ADCT Art 68 quilombolas — מסגרת 4-שכבתית: CF Art 215/216 + Decreto 4.887/2003 + ILO 169 Convenção sobre Povos Indígenas e Tribais ratificada via +1/20005RA INC/Decreto 5.887 + 128/2022 + 130/2023). Arquitetura legal contemporânea: Lei 13.445/2017 (Lei de Migração, EIF 2017-11-21) revogou Lei 6.815/1980 (Estatuto do Estrangeiro Era Ditatorial); Decreto 9.199/2017 (Regulamento). Lei 818/1949 (Naturalização originária) parcialmente revogada. Reforma EC 131/2023-09-22 (Emenda Constitucional dual-relaxation) ampliou dupla nacionalidade Art 12 §4 II. Portaria MJ 623/2020 (לא 11/2018 - נתפס BR cascade) regulamenta naturalização ordinária. Marco Temporal STF Final 19/12/2025 (ADC 87 + ADIs 7582/7583/7586 Rel Min Gilmar Mendes — NOT Edson Fachin per ) definiu inaplicabilidade marco temporal a terras indígenas. Tema 1.253 STF 12/03/2026 (RE 1163774 Rel Min Carmen Lúcia) consolidou doutrinaפוס-מרקו. Acordo Lusófono שכבתי משולשת: (1) Tratado Amizade BR-PT 2000; (2) Estatuto Igualdade Decreto 3.927/2001; (3) Convenção sobre Nacionalidade BR-ES 1957 (Decreto 41.535/1957). Apex Jurisdicional: STF (Supremo Tribunal Federal) - control concentrado constitucionalidade Art 102; STJ (Superior Tribunal de Justiça) - uniformização lei פדרלי Art 105; TRFs (5 regionais) - apelações administrativas. PEC 48/2025 (Congresso vs STF) ainda em tramitação.

כיצד להגיש

שלב 4 — החלטה: portaria DOU + averbação registro civil restaurando nacionalidade.

שלב 5 — שימוש: ao Coordenador-Geral de Política Migratória 10 dias.

הרשות המוסמכת

Especialistas por bucket: RST — para IND: FUNAI + INCRA + FCP (quilombolas); para BIL: MRE departamentos bilaterais BR-PT + CPLP + BR-ES; עבור RST/IND: STF Marco Temporal Plenário Virtual 19/12/2025 Rel Gilmar Mendes (לפי VC-BR-008).

תרחישים לדוגמה

  • Pre-EC-131 paradigmatic case (MS 33.864 Hoerig)

    Now eligible reaquisição via §5

  • Standard BR-RST-04 pathway per Route Universe; consult per-route MD at 03 Routes/BR-RST-04.md

    Auto-generated baseline scenario; deeper analysis in route MD.

סיכום אינפורמטיבי שנערך ממקורות משפטיים ראשוניים — אינו ייעוץ משפטי. חוקי אזרחות משתנים; אמתו מול הרשות המוסמכת לפני שתפעלו. אומת לאחרונה ב-2026-05-18.

עקבו אחר שינויים במסלול זה

כללי מוצא והתאזרחות משתנים. נשלח לכם אימייל בשפה פשוטה כשמשהו שמשפיע על Brazil מתעדכן — ללא ספאם.