הפסד היסטורי לפני EC 131/2023 (דוקטרינת הוריג)
אזרחות בBrazil
- זכאות
- דוקטרינת קדם-EC 131/2023: רכישה מרצון של אזרחות אחרת מרמזת על אובדן אוטומטי; חריגים: מקור אחר + הטלת חוק זר (STF MS 33.864)
- לוח זמנים
- Estimated 6-24 months processing depending on category
- ויתור על אזרחות
- לא נדרש
דף זה תורגם אוטומטית. הגרסה האנגלית היא המחייבת.
סקירה כללית
This route covers the historical loss of Brazilian nationality under the regime that applied before EC 131/2023 (Constitutional Amendment 131 of 2023) — the era of the Hoerig doctrine. Route family: RST (restoration/loss) | Mode of acquisition: historical.
Eligibility synthesis: Under the pre-EC 131/2023 doctrine, the voluntary acquisition of another nationality entailed the automatic loss of Brazilian nationality, subject to two exceptions: holding another nationality of origin, and cases where the foreign law imposed the nationality (STF MS 33.864 — the Supreme Federal Court's Hoerig decision).
Operational context: Route BR-RST-04 forms part of the constitutional framework of CF/88 Art 12 (the 1988 Federal Constitution) and its sub-constitutional implementation (Lei 13.445/2017, the Migration Law; Decreto 9.199/2017, its implementing regulation; and Portaria MJ 623/2020, the ministerial ordinance on naturalization). EC 131/2023 introduced a dual relaxation of the rules on loss and reacquisition: (1) a Brazilian who acquires another nationality NO LONGER loses Brazilian nationality of origin; and (2) former Brazilians may recover their nationality of origin. It rewrote CF Art 12 §4 II and §5. Before EC 131/2023, the Hoerig doctrine (STF MS 33.864 — First Panel, rapporteur Justice Roberto Barroso, judged 19/04/2016, decision published 20/09/2016) mandated automatic loss except in the two cases noted above (another nationality of origin; imposition by foreign law). Operative: yes, in force as of 2026-05-17.
מי זכאי
Critérios cumulativos: (a) ex-brasileiro pelo critério originados1-EC p. 131/2023); (ב) requerimento דרך פורטל MJ/PF; (ג) 18 meses precariedade reaquisição (Portaria MJ 623/2020); (ד) recurso ao Coordenador-Geral de Política Migratória 10 dias; (e) exceção ressalvada apatridia (CF Art 12 §4 II pós-EC 131/2023); (ו) דוקטרינה Hoerig (STF MS 33.864) substituída para casos pós-EC 131/2023.
[Apex Anchors — BR Constitucional 1988 + Lei de Migração 2017 Architecture v2026]: Constituição Federal 1988-10-05 Art 12 estabelece taxonomia tripartite brasileiros natos (Art 12 I a/b/c) + IIb brasileiros naturalis (Art 12) indígenas com Estatuto sui generis (ADCT Art 68 quilombolas — מסגרת 4-שכבתית: CF Art 215/216 + Decreto 4.887/2003 + ILO 169 Convenção sobre Povos Indígenas e Tribais ratificada via +1/20005RA INC/Decreto 5.887 + 128/2022 + 130/2023). Arquitetura legal contemporânea: Lei 13.445/2017 (Lei de Migração, EIF 2017-11-21) revogou Lei 6.815/1980 (Estatuto do Estrangeiro Era Ditatorial); Decreto 9.199/2017 (Regulamento). Lei 818/1949 (Naturalização originária) parcialmente revogada. Reforma EC 131/2023-09-22 (Emenda Constitucional dual-relaxation) ampliou dupla nacionalidade Art 12 §4 II. Portaria MJ 623/2020 (לא 11/2018 - נתפס BR cascade) regulamenta naturalização ordinária. Marco Temporal STF Final 19/12/2025 (ADC 87 + ADIs 7582/7583/7586 Rel Min Gilmar Mendes — NOT Edson Fachin per ) definiu inaplicabilidade marco temporal a terras indígenas. Tema 1.253 STF 12/03/2026 (RE 1163774 Rel Min Carmen Lúcia) consolidou doutrinaפוס-מרקו. Acordo Lusófono שכבתי משולשת: (1) Tratado Amizade BR-PT 2000; (2) Estatuto Igualdade Decreto 3.927/2001; (3) Convenção sobre Nacionalidade BR-ES 1957 (Decreto 41.535/1957). Apex Jurisdicional: STF (Supremo Tribunal Federal) - control concentrado constitucionalidade Art 102; STJ (Superior Tribunal de Justiça) - uniformização lei פדרלי Art 105; TRFs (5 regionais) - apelações administrativas. PEC 48/2025 (Congresso vs STF) ainda em tramitação.
כיצד להגיש
שלב 4 — החלטה: portaria DOU + averbação registro civil restaurando nacionalidade.
שלב 5 — שימוש: ao Coordenador-Geral de Política Migratória 10 dias.
הרשות המוסמכת
Especialistas por bucket: RST — para IND: FUNAI + INCRA + FCP (quilombolas); para BIL: MRE departamentos bilaterais BR-PT + CPLP + BR-ES; עבור RST/IND: STF Marco Temporal Plenário Virtual 19/12/2025 Rel Gilmar Mendes (לפי VC-BR-008).
תרחישים לדוגמה
Pre-EC-131 paradigmatic case (MS 33.864 Hoerig)
Now eligible reaquisição via §5
Standard BR-RST-04 pathway per Route Universe; consult per-route MD at 03 Routes/BR-RST-04.md
Auto-generated baseline scenario; deeper analysis in route MD.
סיכום אינפורמטיבי שנערך ממקורות משפטיים ראשוניים — אינו ייעוץ משפטי. חוקי אזרחות משתנים; אמתו מול הרשות המוסמכת לפני שתפעלו. אומת לאחרונה ב-2026-05-18.
עקבו אחר שינויים במסלול זה
כללי מוצא והתאזרחות משתנים. נשלח לכם אימייל בשפה פשוטה כשמשהו שמשפיע על Brazil מתעדכן — ללא ספאם.