לידה — אסופי / מנגנון הגנה נגד חוסר-אזרחות (סעיף 1(2))
אזרחות ביוון
- זכאות
- ילד שנולד בשטח יווני רוכש אזרחות יוונית אוטומטית בלידה לפי סעיף 1(2) לקודקס האזרחות היוונית (חוק 3284/2004) בשלושה מקרים: הורה שנולד ביוון ומתגורר בה דרך קבע מאז לידתו; ילד שאלמלא כן היה חסר-אזרחות; או ילד בעל אזרחות לא ידועה, כגון אסופי. מנגנון הגנה זה נגד חוסר-אזרחות נשען על הצטרפות יוון לאמנת 1954 בדבר מעמדם של חסרי-אזרחות. אין זה דין-קרקע ללא תנאי; אין דרישת אגרה או מבחן.
- לוח זמנים
- Code 3284/2004 §1(2); 1954 Statelessness Convention (acceded 1975-11-04)
- אגרה ממשלתית
- 0 €
- ויתור על אזרחות
- לא נדרש
דף זה תורגם אוטומטית. הגרסה האנגלית היא המחייבת.
סקירה כללית
GR-BTH-03 הוא אמצעי ההגנה של יוון נגד חוסר אזרחות ואצילות תחת קוד אמנות 1§2 (L.3284/2004): ילד שנולד בשטח יוון מקבל אזרחות יוונית באופן אוטומטי (αυτοδίκαια) בלידה, כאשר אחד משלושת הגפיים המנויות נפגש. זה לא jus soli ללא תנאי - לידה על אדמת יוון להורים זרים שמעבירים אזרחות זרה לא מקנה דבר. המסלול פעיל ועדכני החל מיוני 2026 (קוד מאוחד ל-12-02-2025 / 17-09-2025).
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מי זכאי
Eligibility under Art 1§2 requires birth on Greek territory PLUS exactly one limb: (α) a parent was born in Greece and has resided permanently in Greece since that parent's own birth; (β) the child acquires no foreign nationality at birth and cannot acquire one even by the parents' declaration to the foreign authorities (would-be-stateless); or (γ) the child is of unknown nationality (foundling), unless the impossibility of ascertaining a foreign nationality is due to a parent's refusal to cooperate. No residence requirement, no age limit. As of 12-Feb-2025 consolidation.
דרישות
No language test, no civics/integration exam (ΠΕΓΠ / Art 5A) and no interview apply to Art 1§2 birth acquisition; those steps are confined to discretionary naturalisation (Arts 5A-7). The route confers nationality on factual qualification alone, consistent with its treaty-driven anti-statelessness purpose. As of 2026.
מסמכים
Because acquisition is ex lege at birth, documents prove the qualifying facts for registration/determination rather than support a discretionary grant: the Greek birth act (ληξιαρχική πράξη γέννησης) establishing birth on Greek soil; for §2(β) a non-acquisition attestation from the parents' state(s) of nationality; for §2(γ) the foundling/abandonment record and absence of any ascertainable nationality; for §2(α) proof a parent was born in Greece and resided there since birth. Foreign documents require certified translation and apostille. As of 2026.
כיצד להגיש
Process: (1) the birth is registered at the Civil Registry (Ληξιαρχείο, Law 344/1976); (2) the Art 1§2 limb is asserted to the Regional Citizenship Directorate of the Decentralised Administration with proof; (3) the authority issues a declaratory determination under Art 25(2) ΚΕΙ confirming nationality was acquired at birth; (4) registration follows in the Δημοτολόγιο and the unified Μητρώο Πολιτών (Law 4483/2017). There is no oath, no naturalisation hearing and no integration exam. As of 2026.
לוח זמנים
Acquisition is legally instantaneous at birth; the administrative determination/registration has no Art 1§2-specific statutory deadline. Code Art 31 provides that the general administrative-procedure deadlines of Art 4 L.2690/1999 do NOT apply to nationality acquisition/recognition matters, so practical timing varies by Regional Directorate caseload. No fixed route-specific day-count is pinned (do not assume one). As of 2026.
אגרות ועלויות
No statutory acquisition fee applies to ex-lege birth acquisition under Art 1§2 — the naturalisation παράβολο regime (€550/€200/€100, codes 2159/2162/2161) governs discretionary naturalisation, not acquisition by birth. Only incidental civil-registry, certified-translation and apostille costs arise. No Art 1§2-specific fee is pinned in the Code. As of 2026 (naturalisation fees per mitos.gov.gr, upd. 10-03-2025).
בסיס משפטי
המכשיר השלטוני הוא Code Art 1§2 (α/β/γ), L.3284/2004 (ΦΕΚ Α' 217/10-11-2004), כפי שאוחד ל-2025; הצורה המנויה §2 שרדה ΣτΕ (Ολομ.) 460/2013. הכותרת הנוכחית מילה במילה היא "Την Ελληνική Ιθαγένεια αποκτά από τη γέννησή τοικς τος ος γεννιέται σε ελληνικό έδαφος, εφόσον δεν αποκτά με τννντντνντ αλλοδαπή ιθαγένεια ή είναι άγνωστης ιθαγένειας», משוכלל על ידי שלושת תנאי המשנה האותיות. אמנות 1§1 (jus sanguinis) היא ראשית; §2 הוא ההגנה שיורית מבוססת קרקע.
[מקורות:, ]
הרשות המוסמכת
The competent authority is the Regional Citizenship Directorate (Περιφερειακή Διεύθυνση Ιθαγένειας) of the Decentralised Administration, which ascertains acquisition under Art 25(2); the Ministry of the Interior is the supervisory authority for all nationality matters (Art 25 ΚΕΙ). Civil registration runs through the Ληξιαρχείο and Δημοτολόγιο, unified in the Μητρώο Πολιτών. Service renamed to 'Περιφερειακή Διεύθυνση Ιθαγένειας' by L.5225/2025 (ΦΕΚ Α' 152/02-09-2025).
Exceptions & edge cases
Common pitfalls: treating Art 1§2 as general jus soli (it is not — ΣτΕ 460/2013 is the guardrail); citing the 1961 Convention as Greek law (Greece is a non-party); conflating the surviving §2(α) limb with the struck L.3838/2010 declaration jus-soli; confusing this route with the declaration-based Art 1A/1B birth-plus-schooling routes (GR-BTH-01/02); and assuming a fee, test or oath applies (none do for ex-lege birth acquisition). As of 2026.
תרחישים לדוגמה
התרחישים לדוגמה מוצגים באנגלית.
nationality: Stateless (both parents stateless ex-Soviet)
Greek nationality acquired automatically (αυτοδίκαια) at birth under Art 1§2(β); registered via declaratory determination, no fee, no test.
Code Art 1§2(β): a child born on Greek territory who does not acquire any foreign nationality at birth and cannot acquire one even by the parents' declaration is Greek from birth — the core anti-statelessness limb, underpinned by Greece's 1954 Convention party status (accession 1975, L.139/1975). [, ]
nationality: Unknown
Greek nationality acquired automatically at birth under Art 1§2(γ) (foundling/unknown-nationality safeguard).
Code Art 1§2(γ): a child born in Greece of unknown nationality is Greek, unless the impossibility of establishing a foreign nationality is due to a parent's refusal to cooperate. With no known parent and genuine unascertainability, the carve-out does not apply and the foundling safeguard operates.
nationality: Country X (parents are nationals of X)
NO Greek nationality under Art 1§2 — the child acquires a foreign nationality at birth, so neither the §2(β) nor §2(γ) limb is satisfied; the §2(α) limb is unavailable (no parent born in Greece).
Art 1§2 is NOT general jus soli (ΣτΕ Ολ 460/2013 confirms formal soil criteria cannot alone confer nationality). Because Country X passes its nationality at birth, the would-be-stateless premise fails. The family's route to Greek nationality would lie, if at all, in later schooling-based Art 1A/1B (GR-BTH-01/02) or naturalisation. [, ]
nationality: Foreign (parent eligible to register child but refuses)
NO Greek nationality under Art 1§2(γ) (and §2(β) is not met because acquisition WAS possible) — the safeguard is disabled by the parent's refusal to cooperate.
Art 1§2(γ) expressly excludes the case where the impossibility of ascertaining/acquiring a foreign nationality is due to a parent's refusal to cooperate; §2(β) also fails because the child could acquire the foreign nationality by parental declaration. The anti-abuse design prevents engineered statelessness.
nationality: Mixed/uncertain
Greek nationality acquired automatically at birth under Art 1§2(α) (conditional jus soli for Greece-rooted parent), on strict proof of the parent's Greek birth and uninterrupted residence since birth.
Code Art 1§2(α): birth in Greece where one parent was born in Greece and has resided permanently in the country since that parent's own birth. Read strictly (Conservative tier) — continuity of the parent's residence from birth must be documented; this surviving automatic limb is distinct from the struck L.3838/2010 declaration jus-soli. No on-point ΣτΕ case located (carried honestly).
סיכום אינפורמטיבי שנערך ממקורות משפטיים ראשוניים — אינו ייעוץ משפטי. חוקי אזרחות משתנים; אמתו מול הרשות המוסמכת לפני שתפעלו. אומת לאחרונה ב-2026-05-02.
עקבו אחר שינויים במסלול זה
כללי מוצא והתאזרחות משתנים. נשלח לכם אימייל בשפה פשוטה כשמשהו שמשפיע על Greece מתעדכן — ללא ספאם.