Nascimento — criança enjeitada / salvaguarda contra a apatridia (artigo 1(2))
Cidadania em Grécia
- Elegibilidade
- Uma criança nascida em território grego adquire a nacionalidade grega automaticamente no nascimento, ao abrigo do artigo 1(2) do Código da Nacionalidade Grega (Lei 3284/2004), em três casos: um progenitor nascido na Grécia e aí residente permanentemente desde o nascimento; uma criança que de outro modo seria apátrida; ou uma criança de nacionalidade desconhecida, como uma criança enjeitada. Esta salvaguarda contra a apatridia assenta na adesão da Grécia à Convenção de 1954 sobre os Apátridas. Não se trata de jus soli incondicional; não se aplica taxa nem exame.
- Prazo
- Code 3284/2004 §1(2); 1954 Statelessness Convention (acceded 1975-11-04)
- Taxa governamental
- € 0
- Renúncia
- Não exigida
Esta página foi traduzida automaticamente. A versão em inglês é a oficial.
Visão geral
GR-BTH-03 é a salvaguarda contra a apatridia e os enjeitados da Grécia ao abrigo do artigo 1.º do Código (L.3284/2004): uma criança nascida em território grego adquire a nacionalidade grega automaticamente (αυτοδίκαια) ao nascer, quando um dos três membros enumerados for cumprido. NÃO é jus soli incondicional – o mero nascimento em solo grego de pais estrangeiros que transmitem uma nacionalidade estrangeira não confere nada. A rota está ativa e atual em junho de 2026 (Código consolidado para 12-02-2025 / 17-09-2025).
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Quem se qualifica
Eligibility under Art 1§2 requires birth on Greek territory PLUS exactly one limb: (α) a parent was born in Greece and has resided permanently in Greece since that parent's own birth; (β) the child acquires no foreign nationality at birth and cannot acquire one even by the parents' declaration to the foreign authorities (would-be-stateless); or (γ) the child is of unknown nationality (foundling), unless the impossibility of ascertaining a foreign nationality is due to a parent's refusal to cooperate. No residence requirement, no age limit. As of 12-Feb-2025 consolidation.
Requisitos
No language test, no civics/integration exam (ΠΕΓΠ / Art 5A) and no interview apply to Art 1§2 birth acquisition; those steps are confined to discretionary naturalisation (Arts 5A-7). The route confers nationality on factual qualification alone, consistent with its treaty-driven anti-statelessness purpose. As of 2026.
Documentos
Because acquisition is ex lege at birth, documents prove the qualifying facts for registration/determination rather than support a discretionary grant: the Greek birth act (ληξιαρχική πράξη γέννησης) establishing birth on Greek soil; for §2(β) a non-acquisition attestation from the parents' state(s) of nationality; for §2(γ) the foundling/abandonment record and absence of any ascertainable nationality; for §2(α) proof a parent was born in Greece and resided there since birth. Foreign documents require certified translation and apostille. As of 2026.
Como solicitar
Process: (1) the birth is registered at the Civil Registry (Ληξιαρχείο, Law 344/1976); (2) the Art 1§2 limb is asserted to the Regional Citizenship Directorate of the Decentralised Administration with proof; (3) the authority issues a declaratory determination under Art 25(2) ΚΕΙ confirming nationality was acquired at birth; (4) registration follows in the Δημοτολόγιο and the unified Μητρώο Πολιτών (Law 4483/2017). There is no oath, no naturalisation hearing and no integration exam. As of 2026.
Prazos
Acquisition is legally instantaneous at birth; the administrative determination/registration has no Art 1§2-specific statutory deadline. Code Art 31 provides that the general administrative-procedure deadlines of Art 4 L.2690/1999 do NOT apply to nationality acquisition/recognition matters, so practical timing varies by Regional Directorate caseload. No fixed route-specific day-count is pinned (do not assume one). As of 2026.
Taxas e custos
No statutory acquisition fee applies to ex-lege birth acquisition under Art 1§2 — the naturalisation παράβολο regime (€550/€200/€100, codes 2159/2162/2161) governs discretionary naturalisation, not acquisition by birth. Only incidental civil-registry, certified-translation and apostille costs arise. No Art 1§2-specific fee is pinned in the Code. As of 2026 (naturalisation fees per mitos.gov.gr, upd. 10-03-2025).
Base jurídica
O instrumento regulador é o Código Art 1§2 (α/β/γ), L.3284/2004 (ΦΕΚ Α' 217/10-11-2004), consolidado para 2025; a forma enumerada §2 sobreviveu ΣτΕ (Ολομ.) 460/2013. O título literal atual diz «Την Ελληνική Ιθαγένεια αποκτά από τη γέννησή του και όποιος γεννιέται σε ελληνικό έδαφος, εφόσον δεν αποκτά με τη γέννησή του αλλοδαπή ιθαγένεια ή είναι άγνωστης ιθαγένειας», elaborado pelas três subcondições escritas. O artigo 1.º, n.º 1 (jus sanguinis) é primário; §2 é a salvaguarda residual baseada no solo.
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Autoridade competente
The competent authority is the Regional Citizenship Directorate (Περιφερειακή Διεύθυνση Ιθαγένειας) of the Decentralised Administration, which ascertains acquisition under Art 25(2); the Ministry of the Interior is the supervisory authority for all nationality matters (Art 25 ΚΕΙ). Civil registration runs through the Ληξιαρχείο and Δημοτολόγιο, unified in the Μητρώο Πολιτών. Service renamed to 'Περιφερειακή Διεύθυνση Ιθαγένειας' by L.5225/2025 (ΦΕΚ Α' 152/02-09-2025).
Exceptions & edge cases
Common pitfalls: treating Art 1§2 as general jus soli (it is not — ΣτΕ 460/2013 is the guardrail); citing the 1961 Convention as Greek law (Greece is a non-party); conflating the surviving §2(α) limb with the struck L.3838/2010 declaration jus-soli; confusing this route with the declaration-based Art 1A/1B birth-plus-schooling routes (GR-BTH-01/02); and assuming a fee, test or oath applies (none do for ex-lege birth acquisition). As of 2026.
Cenários de exemplo
Os cenários de exemplo são exibidos em inglês.
nationality: Stateless (both parents stateless ex-Soviet)
Greek nationality acquired automatically (αυτοδίκαια) at birth under Art 1§2(β); registered via declaratory determination, no fee, no test.
Code Art 1§2(β): a child born on Greek territory who does not acquire any foreign nationality at birth and cannot acquire one even by the parents' declaration is Greek from birth — the core anti-statelessness limb, underpinned by Greece's 1954 Convention party status (accession 1975, L.139/1975). [, ]
nationality: Unknown
Greek nationality acquired automatically at birth under Art 1§2(γ) (foundling/unknown-nationality safeguard).
Code Art 1§2(γ): a child born in Greece of unknown nationality is Greek, unless the impossibility of establishing a foreign nationality is due to a parent's refusal to cooperate. With no known parent and genuine unascertainability, the carve-out does not apply and the foundling safeguard operates.
nationality: Country X (parents are nationals of X)
NO Greek nationality under Art 1§2 — the child acquires a foreign nationality at birth, so neither the §2(β) nor §2(γ) limb is satisfied; the §2(α) limb is unavailable (no parent born in Greece).
Art 1§2 is NOT general jus soli (ΣτΕ Ολ 460/2013 confirms formal soil criteria cannot alone confer nationality). Because Country X passes its nationality at birth, the would-be-stateless premise fails. The family's route to Greek nationality would lie, if at all, in later schooling-based Art 1A/1B (GR-BTH-01/02) or naturalisation. [, ]
nationality: Foreign (parent eligible to register child but refuses)
NO Greek nationality under Art 1§2(γ) (and §2(β) is not met because acquisition WAS possible) — the safeguard is disabled by the parent's refusal to cooperate.
Art 1§2(γ) expressly excludes the case where the impossibility of ascertaining/acquiring a foreign nationality is due to a parent's refusal to cooperate; §2(β) also fails because the child could acquire the foreign nationality by parental declaration. The anti-abuse design prevents engineered statelessness.
nationality: Mixed/uncertain
Greek nationality acquired automatically at birth under Art 1§2(α) (conditional jus soli for Greece-rooted parent), on strict proof of the parent's Greek birth and uninterrupted residence since birth.
Code Art 1§2(α): birth in Greece where one parent was born in Greece and has resided permanently in the country since that parent's own birth. Read strictly (Conservative tier) — continuity of the parent's residence from birth must be documented; this surviving automatic limb is distinct from the struck L.3838/2010 declaration jus-soli. No on-point ΣτΕ case located (carried honestly).
Resumo informativo compilado a partir de fontes legais primárias — não é aconselhamento jurídico. A lei de cidadania muda; verifique com a autoridade competente antes de agir. Verificado pela última vez em 2026-05-02.
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