אזרחות מלידה להורים אלבניים

DUAL CITIZENSHIP IS RETAINED AS OF RIGHT, on positive text not silence. Kushtetuta Neni 19 pika 2 bars involuntary loss — 'Shtetasi shqiptar nuk mund ta humbasë shtetësinë, përveçse kur ai heq dorë prej saj' (loss only by voluntary renunciation) ( Neni 19 pika 2). Ligj 113/2020 Neni 3 shkronja a guarantees 'e drejtën e çdo personi për të gëzuar të paktën një shtetësi', and the position is not new: Ligj 8389/1998 Neni 3 already opened unconditional duality in 1998 ('Shtetasi shqiptar mundet të jetë edhe shtetas i një shteti tjetër') ( Neni 3). A born-abroad dual-national child therefore keeps every other nationality with NO election and NO renunciation requirement — there is no renunciation clause in the 113/2020 birth regime. POLITICAL RIGHTS: a birth citizen holds Albanian nationality on a full and equal footing, without the elected-office holding periods that some jurisdictions impose on the naturalised. NO ETHNICITY FIELD enters the status: GJK Vendim V-52/11 (1.12.2011) struck the term 'kombësi' from the civil-status components — the current consolidation carries the annotation in the Neni 6 heading ('Shfuqizuar termi “kombësi” me vendimin e Gjykatës Kushtetuese nr. 52, datë 1.12.2011') — leaving shtetësia as 'elementi i vetëm dallues' from foreigners and stateless persons ( Neni 6 pika 2;). Ligj 113/2020 Neni 2 shkronja ë codifies at statutory level that citizenship 'nuk tregon origjinën etnike të personit'. As of 2026-07-11.

The rule has a single, self-contained operative condition: at the moment of birth AT LEAST ONE parent must HOLD Albanian citizenship (shtetësia shqiptare). Where that predicate is met, Neni 5 confers citizenship 'vetiu' — automatically, gender-equally ('qoftë edhe njërin prej prindërve' — either parent), with no application and regardless of place of birth ( Neni 5). Two textual features widen the rule. First, there is NO territorial qualifier: a child born ABROAD to an Albanian-citizen parent acquires citizenship on identical terms to one born in Albania, so long as the transmitting parent held citizenship at that birth ('duke pasur.. me shtetësi shqiptare'). Second, there is NO generational cap on Neni 5 — the three-degree limit ('deri në tri shkallë') is defined only for the separate origjinë mode, an APPLICATION route for FOREIGNERS descended from a citizen-ascendant ( Neni 2 shkronja d, Neni 6 pika 1). The one carve-out from breadth is that Neni 5 cures no missing predicate: absent an Albanian-citizen parent at birth, it confers nothing, and the person must look to the origjinë (Neni 6) or naturalisation routes. Foundlings and in-territory births to foreign or stateless parents fall to the separate anti-statelessness rule in Neni 7, not to Neni 5. The predecessor regime CONDITIONED one-parent transmission (see era_context); today's rule is unconditional. As of 2026-07-11.

AL-DSC-01 rests on two superimposed layers. CONSTITUTIONAL FLOOR: Kushtetuta Neni 19 pika 1 fixes one-parent jus sanguinis at constitutional rank — “Kushdo që lind duke pasur qoftë edhe njërin prej prindërve me shtetësi shqiptare, e fiton vetiu shtetësinë shqiptare” — and reserves other acquisition grounds to statute ('Shtetësia shqiptare fitohet edhe për shkaqe të tjera të parashikuara me ligj') ( Neni 19 pika 1). This floor has been in force since 28.11.1998 and is consolidated through Ligj 16/2022. OPERATIVE STATUTE: Ligj 113/2020 'Për shtetësinë' (in force 14.10.2020) enumerates in Neni 4 exactly five modes of acquisition — lindje (birth), origjinë (origin), lindje në territor, natyralizim, and birësim — with the birth mode as the first head: 'Shtetësia shqiptare fitohet me: a) lindje;' ( Neni 4). The substantive rule sits in Neni 5, which confers citizenship 'vetiu' (ex lege) on anyone born with at least one Albanian-citizen parent and records that the child 'regjistrohet si shtetas shqiptar' ( Neni 5). The acquisition_type is descent_at_birth: the status vests at the instant of birth with no application, decree or oath. Neni 5 is textually continuous from 14.10.2020 across the consolidated president.al text ( Neni 5), unamended by Ligj 77/2023 and Ligj 49/2026. As of 2026-07-11.

REGISTERING AUTHORITY: the civil-status official (nëpunësi i gjendjes civile) receives the birth declaration and effects registration at the parents' residence office or the place of birth ( Neni 40 pika 1, Neni 41 pika 1); the national civil-status register (RKGJC) administered under the Ministry of the Interior structures maintains the record. DIASPORA INTAKE: for births abroad, the foreign country's civil-status service registers in the first instance and, failing that, the Albanian diplomatic or consular representations in the country of birth ( Neni 41 pika 3), with the Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (MEPJ) issuing the 'Leje Kalimi për të mitur' consular travel document for infant return. NOT APPLICABLE to this route: the President of the Republic's power to 'jep shtetësinë shqiptare dhe lejon lënien e saj sipas ligjit' (Kushtetuta Neni 92 shkronja c) and the Ligj 113/2020 Neni 20 decree machinery (60-day decree, Fletorja Zyrtare publication, statistical register) govern the DECREE-based application routes (origin, adoption, minors' derivative) — birth acquisition under Neni 5 is 'vetiu' and is perfected by civil-status registration, not by any citizenship-grant decree ( Neni 92 shkronja c). As of 2026-07-11.

PRIMARY (decoded verbatim, confirmed in _primary_texts).: Ligj 113/2020 'Për shtetësinë' (FZ 2020/174) — OPERATIVE (Neni 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 25).: Kushtetuta consolidated (Neni 19, 92 shkronja c).: Ligj 77/2023 (FZ 2024/95) amendment scope.: Ligj 113/2020 consolidated (president.al, per-article annotations).: Ligj 8389/1998 (predecessor W5, Neni 3, 7, 25).: Ligj 49/2026 (FZ 2026/116, Art 8(3) repeal / 8/a / 9).: Ligj 10129/2009 civil status (Neni 6, 40, 41; V-52/11 footprint).: Ligj 49/2012 administrative courts.: Naumov v. Albania (HUDOC dec. 10513/03).: Udhëzim 271/2021 (application tariffs — non-applicable to birth). EVIDENCE: /002/003/004/005/006/007/008/017/033/035/111. Secondary corroboration: (GLOBALCIT CR 2021/5), (GJK V-52/11). Not legal advice; verify current civil-status practice before reliance. As of 2026-07-11.