Citizenship by Birth — Parent AC or PR (§12(1)(a) ACA 2007)

A person born in Australia on or after 20 August 1986 is an Australian citizen by birth if at the time of birth at least one parent was an Australian citizen or a permanent resident of Australia. This The High Court of Australia in Singh v Commonwealth [2004] HCA 43; (2004) 222 CLR 322 confirmed the constitutional validity of the post-1986 'qualified jus soli' rule, holding that Parliament's aliens Pre-20-August-1986 births in Australia: persons born in Australia between 26 January 1949 (commencement of Nationality and Citizenship Act 1948) and 19 August 1986 inclusive acquired Australian citi

• [T2] — RAILS NSW — New Zealand Citizens Special Category Visa fact sheet
• URL: https://www.rails.org.au/sites/default/files/2023-07/NZ%20Citizens-Special%20category%20visa-Final.pdf
• [T1] — Australian Citizenship Amendment Act 1986 (Cth) (No. 70 of 1986) — Sections 2-5
• URL: https://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/acaa1986334/s2.html
• [T1] — Nationality and Citizenship Act 1948 (Cth) — As made
• URL: https://www.legislation.gov.au/C1948A00083/asmade/order-print-copy
• [T1] — Australian Citizenship Act 2007 — Latest compilation (in force 22 January 2026)
• URL: https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2007A00020/latest
• [T1] — Subclass 444 Special Category visa (SCV) — DHA official
• URL: https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/special-category-visa-subclass-444