Citizenship by Birth — Jus Sanguinis (KodS § 5(1)(1) — at least one parent Estonian citizen at birth)

Authorities + administrative chain: Politsei- ja Piirivalveamet (PPA — Police and Border Guard Board) Citizenship and Migration Bureau (KMA — Kodakondsus- ja Migratsiooniamet, absorbed into PPA 2010); Vabariigi Valitsus (Government of the Republic) issues citizenship-grant orders; Riigikohus (Supreme Court of Estonia) apex; Halduskohus (Administrative Court) first-instance + Ringkonnakohus (Circuit Court) second-instance. Primary authority: PPA Service Office at residence locality (EE-residents); Estonian Embassy/Consulate abroad (overseas applicants). Politsei- ja Piirivalveamet (PPA — Police and Border Guard Board) Citizenship and Migration Bureau (KMA — Kodakondsus- ja Migratsiooniamet, absorbed into PPA 2010) processes applications. Vabariigi Valitsus (Government of the Republic) issues citizenship-grant orders published in Riigi Teataja (State Gazette). Kaitsepolitseiamet (KAPO — Internal Security Service) provides § 21 loyalty-screening assessments. Apex: Riigikohus (Supreme Court of Estonia, sits in Tartu) — Constitutional Review Chamber (Põhiseaduslikkuse järelevalve kolleegium); Administrative Chamber (Halduskolleegium) for citizenship appeals; Halduskohus (Administrative Court, Tallinn/Tartu) first-instance; Ringkonnakohus (Circuit Court) second-instance. BALTIC TRIPLE STATE CONTINUITY doctrine — Estonia + Latvia + Lithuania each adopted constitutional + statutory continuity framework declaring 1940-1991 USSR occupation as ILLEGAL under international law (Stimson Doctrine 07-1940 + Welles Declaration). Estonia's reactivation of 1938 Citizenship Act via Supreme Council 26-02-1992 Resolution operationalizes this continuity. Statute: Kodakondsuse seadus (KodS / Citizenship Act)

• Citation: RT I 1995, 12, 122; consolidated text RT V, 28.07.2025, 2
• In force from: 01.04.1995; most recent amendment in force: 06.07.2025
• URL: https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/tolge/text/528072025002

Constitution: Põhiseadus § 8(1): "Everyone who is Estonian by birth shall be a citizen of Estonia." (principle; KodS operationalizes via § 5(1)(1))

Verbatim KodS § 5(1) (RT V, 28.07.2025, 2):

Estonian citizenship is acquired by birth by:

1. a child at least one of whose parents holds Estonian citizenship at the time of the birth of the child;
2. a child who is born after the death of their father who, at the time of his death, held Estonian citizenship.

§ 5(3):

No one may be deprived of Estonian citizenship acquired by birth.