מיוחדת — השבת אזרחות מתקופת השואה (קו הניצולים)

GR-SPC-04 הוא קו ניצולי-חיים של משטר שיקום השואה ביוון תחת סעיף 13 §1 לחוק 4018/2011 (ΦΕΚ Α' 215/30-9-2011, «Αποκατάστθτθτάητθτ Ολοκαυτώματος»). החל משנת 2026 היא מעניקה מחדש אזרחות יוונית לאנשים חיים ממוצא יהודי שנולדו ביוון ב-9 במאי 1945 או לפני כן, שהחזיקו באזרחות יוונית מלידה ואיבדו אותה מאוחר יותר. זהו המקביל של קו הניצולים לתוואי קו הצאצאים GR-RST-04, והוא מסווג GR-SPC מכיוון שהוא הענקה מחדש סטטוטורית מותאמת אישית המבוססת על קבוצה היסטורית מוגדרת ולא התאזרחות רגילה.

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Under Art 13 §1 L.4018/2011, a §1 applicant must cumulatively (a) be of Jewish origin, (b) have been born in Greece on or before 9 May 1945, (c) have held Greek nationality from birth, and (d) have lost that nationality in any manner. The applicant must additionally be currently alive — §1 is reserved to living survivors, with deceased persons' lines handled under §2/Art 109 (descendant route). There is no Greece-residence requirement; the typical profile (as of 2026) is an Israeli national who emigrated after the war.

Not applicable to the §1 survivor line. Because Art 13 §1 L.4018/2011 is a statutory re-grant and not an ordinary naturalisation, the ΠΕΓΠ integration interview/written test under Code Art 5A / Art 7 does not apply, and there is no Greek-language or civics requirement for survivors (as of 2026). The descendant Art 10 ομογενής channel is likewise a facilitated route that does not run the standard ΠΕΓΠ exam unless referred for doubts.

An applicant assembles proof of Jewish origin (community/registry/family records), proof of birth in Greece on or before 9 May 1945, evidence of prior Greek nationality and its loss, and current foreign passport/identity. Where Greek civil records were destroyed during the war — a frequent reality for the Thessaloniki community — Jewish-community and consular reconstructions are accepted in practice. As of 2026 no statutory bar attaches to reconstructed evidence; the descendant Art 10 channel additionally requires a declaration before the consul with two Greek-citizen witnesses and a foreign criminal-record certificate.

The §1 process (as of 2026) is: (1) assemble eligibility evidence; (2) file the application with the Greek consular authority of residence; (3) the consulate forwards the file and the Minister of the Interior issues the re-grant decision, published in the Government Gazette; (4) the beneficiary swears the citizen's oath under Code Art 9 before the Greek consular authority — Greek nationality is acquired from the oath date; (5) civil-registry inscription and issuance of Greek identity/passport follow. The §2 descendant line instead naturalises under Code Art 10.

No §1-survivor-specific statutory processing time is pinned in the corpus. By analogy to the cognate Code Art 10 expatriate channel used for descendants, processing has been reported at roughly 18 months (treat as an indicative Art-10 benchmark, not a §1-specific official SLA, as of 2026). Under the general Code rule the Art 9 oath must be sworn within one year of the decision's publication or the decision is revoked.

No §1-survivor-specific fee is separately pinned. The cognate Art 10 expatriate/ομογενής naturalisation used by the descendant line carries a €100 fee plus a €30 consular impost (as of 2026). As a reparative statutory re-grant rather than ordinary naturalisation, the §1 survivor line is not subject to the standard naturalisation fee or to the ΠΕΓΠ integration test. The precise §1-survivor consular charge is not separately pinned and is carried as a low-severity documentation residual rather than fabricated.

ההוראה האופרטיבית היא סעיף 13 סעיף 1 לחוק 4018/2011 (ΦΕΚ Α' 215/30-9-2011), מילה במילה «χορηγείται εκ νέου η ήλικκ ιθαγένεια», מוצמד ב-primary via nomoskopio. הרחבה הצאצאית יושבת ב-§2 כפי שהוחלפה בסעיף 109 לחוק 4461/2017 (ΦΕΚ Α' 38/28-3-2017), עם יישום חוזר Φ.130181/38595/2017 (19-12-2017). החל משנת 2026 שתי הפסקאות נשארות בתוקף; קו הניצולים (§1) וקו הצאצא (§2) הם מנגנונים נפרדים בתוך אותו חוק.

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The decision organ is the Minister of the Interior acting through the General Secretariat for Citizenship and the Central/Regional Citizenship Directorates (Κεντρική/Περιφερειακές Διευθύνσεις Ιθαγένειας); the Code's legacy 'General Secretary of the Region' / 'Coordinator of the Decentralised Administration' references now read as the current Regional Citizenship Directorate (terminology codified by L.5225/2025 Art 95, from 02-09-2025). Filing and the oath occur before the Greek consular authority of the applicant's country of residence — in practice the Greek consulate in Israel for most of the cohort. Decisions are published in the Government Gazette (ΦΕΚ).

The most common pitfall is conflating §1 (survivor, re-grant) with §2 (descendant, Art 10 naturalisation) — they have different paragraphs, mechanisms, cohorts and documents. A second pitfall is assuming retroactive restoration: §1 is a new acquisition from the oath, not a backdated reversal. A third is misreading 'of Jewish origin' as 'ethnic Greek (ομογενής)' and mis-routing a survivor through the generic Art 10 channel. A fourth is citing the wrong restoration statute (GR-RST-01 post-junta vs GR-RST-03 ex-Art-19 vs the Holocaust statute). All as of 2026.