Surinamese Cohort Restoration

This entry deals with claims to Dutch nationality by people whose status was affected when Suriname became independent in 1975, and by their descendants.

What this entry does not do is resolve how Dutch nationality was allocated at independence, or the effect of the opt-back arrangements that operated in the years immediately afterwards. Those instruments are not established in the sources behind this page, and no conclusion about who retained, lost or could recover Dutch nationality in that period should be drawn from it.

What can be stated is the framework in force today, and where it leaves someone in this position.

Dutch nationality law contains no Suriname-specific acquisition ground among the grounds in force on 25 July 2026. The provision sometimes cited as a general restoration clause, art 28 of the Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap, is not one: it gives a route back to women who lost Dutch nationality by or in connection with a marriage concluded before the Rijkswet came into force, on a declaration made within one year of that marriage ending.

What the law does provide is a procedure designed for exactly the situation where status is genuinely uncertain. Anyone with an immediate interest may petition a court for a declaration of whether they do or do not hold Dutch nationality, and the petition may be brought in respect of a person who has died (art 17). Where the answer is that nationality was lost, two acquisition routes remain open, and both are described below.

One feature of Dutch law helps this group in a specific way. A diploma obtained in Dutch-medium education in Suriname, where the holder passed the subject Dutch, is an accepted exemption from the civic-integration requirement for naturalisation.

The declaration of status is open to anyone with an immediate interest, provided the question is not already live in other proceedings (art 17, in force since 1 October 2023). No residence or age requirement and no filing deadline appears in the provision, and the petition may concern a person who has died - which lets a family claim be tested at the generation where the doubt sits rather than argued by inference from your own position. The forum follows residence, not the place of the historical events: the rechtbank Den Haag, or the Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie for residents of Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten or the BES public bodies. Only cassation lies against the decision (art 18(2)), and once irrevocable it binds every body charged with executing any statutory regulation (art 19).

The option route for a former national or former Dutch subject is open to an adult who at some time held Dutch nationality or the status of Nederlands onderdaan-niet-Nederlander, and who has completed at least one uninterrupted year of admission for an indefinite period together with main residence in the Kingdom, still holding both at the moment of confirmation (art 6(1)(f), in force since 1 October 2023). That year must be accrued as a foreign national, so the route cannot be exercised from abroad, and it turns on your own former status, not an ancestor's.

Naturalisation disapplies the five-year residence condition for the same group (art 8(2), in force since 1 October 2023) and nothing else. The integration requirement remains, at CEFR level A2 in reading, listening, speaking and writing (Besluit naturalisatietoets arts 3(1)(h)(2) and 5(1), in force since 26 May 2022), with level B1 sufficient but not required. One exemption matters particularly here: a comparable diploma obtained in Dutch-medium education in Suriname, where the subject Dutch was passed, is accepted as exempting (art 3(1)(l)), as is a diploma from Dutch-medium education generally (art 3(1)(b)). Check whether you already hold an exempting document before enrolling for an exam. Good character under art 9(1)(a) applies, as does the renunciation duty under art 9(1)(b), subject to the four statutory exemptions in art 9(3).

There is no Suriname-specific set of conditions, because no Suriname-specific acquisition ground is established in the sources behind this entry. These are the conditions of the routes that exist.

A declaration of status (Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap art 17, in force since 1 October 2023): an immediate interest in the question, and that the question is not already live in other proceedings. No residence or age requirement, and no filing deadline appears in the provision. The petition may concern a person who has died.

The option route for a former national or former Dutch subject (art 6(1)(f)):

• You are an adult.
• You held Dutch nationality, or the status of Nederlands onderdaan-niet-Nederlander, at some time. The route turns on your own former status, not an ancestor's.
• You have had at least one uninterrupted year of admission for an indefinite period, together with main residence, in the Kingdom, and still have both at the moment of confirmation. That year must be accrued as a foreign national; time spent as a Dutch national does not count towards it.
• You are excluded if Dutch nationality was withdrawn from you for failing to renounce another nationality after naturalisation or option, and if a naturalisation obtained by fraud before 1 April 2003 was withdrawn, in which case you are treated as never having held Dutch nationality for this ground.
• General option conditions: no serious suspicions of danger to public order, morals or the security of the Kingdom (art 6(4)); willingness to make the verklaring van verbondenheid, the declaration of solidarity, in the wording fixed by art 23(2). No language test, no civic-integration requirement and no renunciation duty apply on this route.

Naturalisation with the residence condition waived (art 8(2)): having at some time held Dutch nationality or the status of Nederlands onderdaan-niet-Nederlander removes the five-year residence requirement in art 8(1)(c) and nothing else. What remains includes:

• The integration requirement in art 8(1)(d), at CEFR level A2 in reading, listening, speaking and writing (Besluit naturalisatietoets arts 3(1)(h)(2) and 5(1), in force since 26 May 2022). Level B1 is sufficient but is not required. A comparable diploma obtained in Dutch-medium education in Suriname, with a pass in the subject Dutch, is an accepted exemption (art 3(1)(l)), as is a diploma from Dutch-medium education generally (art 3(1)(b)).
• The good-character condition in art 9(1)(a).
• The renunciation duty in art 9(1)(b), subject to the four statutory exemptions in art 9(3): nationals covered by the Second Protocol arrangements, applicants born in the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao or Sint Maarten and resident there at the time of the application, applicants married to a Dutch national, and recognised refugees.

Whether a person affected by the 1975 transition satisfies the historical limb of any of these routes is the question the declaratory procedure exists to answer, and it is not resolved here.

This is a records case, and two features of Dutch practice are worth knowing before you commission anything.

Evidentiary impossibility. The ordinary rule is that identity and nationality are proved by a legalised or apostilled birth certificate together with a valid foreign passport. That rule gives way in defined situations: where such deeds are or were never drawn up in the country concerned, where the deed was drawn up but the register has been lost, or where an official report of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has led to a decision not to require documents from a country because of the political situation (Handleiding Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap 2003, art 7 section 2.3.5.6, version in force from 1 July 2026). Where no civil-status system existed, alternatives such as a hospital birth certificate or a family-booklet entry are accepted. Departure from the main rule is also possible where applying it would be disproportionate in the individual case.

Legalisation of Surinamese documents. The legalisation circular in force to the end of 2023 structurally exempted documents from Suriname, along with those from Indonesia and New Guinea, from the legalisation requirement. That is a material saving where it applies. But the circular lapsed on 1 January 2024 and no successor could be located as of 25 July 2026, even though the Handleiding still instructs officials to apply the legalisation circular then in force. Do not assume the exemption still operates, and do not assume it has been withdrawn. Ask the receiving authority or the court what it currently requires.

What to assemble. Evidence of the historical status: Dutch passports or identity documents issued before independence, declarations of Dutch nationality, historical population-register extracts, consular records. Documentation of where the person concerned was living at the relevant time, and of their residence history since. Civil-status records across the generations where the claim runs through a parent or grandparent, since the authority may require historical nationality data on parents and grandparents. Your own birth certificate, which establishes what your names are under your own law and whether you have a surname at all. Marriage certificates and any divorce or repudiation deed where the claim or the family position runs through a marriage.

General rules. You bear the cost and the burden of obtaining, translating and legalising documents. Anything in a language other than Dutch, English, German or French must be translated by a sworn translator, preferably into Dutch, with the translation physically attached to the original or certified copy; on Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba only Dutch and English escape the requirement. In the Netherlands an apostille is a sticker issued by the courts; the Netherlands accepts digital apostilles issued abroad but issues only paper ones. Legalisation attests the signature, the signatory's capacity and the seal, and nothing about whether the contents are correct, which is why a separate verification track exists. Documents already legalised and processed into the population register or a Dutch civil-status record need not be produced again unless there is well-founded doubt.

Two stages, and the order matters.

Stage one, settling status. A petition (verzoekschrift) goes to the rechtbank Den Haag, or to the Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie where the person concerned lives in Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten or the BES public bodies. The forum follows residence, not the place of the historical events. The Minister is an interested party; the rechtbank hears the State and the Gemeenschappelijk Hof hears the public prosecutor (Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap art 18(1)). The petition is unavailable while the same question is live in other proceedings. Once irrevocable, the decision binds every body charged with executing any statutory regulation (art 19), so it settles the question against every Dutch public authority at once rather than agency by agency. Where nationality is uncertain, courts may seek the Minister's advice and administrative-appeal bodies must stay their proceedings (art 20).

Stage two, acquisition, where status was genuinely lost.

The option route for a former national or former Dutch subject requires you to be living in the Kingdom with admission for an indefinite period, and to have completed one uninterrupted year of that admission together with main residence. It cannot be exercised from abroad. The declaration is made in person with the burgemeester in the European Netherlands, with the Minister through the IND unit Caribisch Nederland on Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, or with the Cabinet of the Governor in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten (Besluit verkrijging en verlies Nederlanderschap arts 2 and 3, in force since 1 March 2017). That authority both handles and decides; no Royal Decree is involved. Nationality vests when the confirmation is handed over, in principle at a ceremony, and backdates to the date the confirmation bears.

The naturalisation route is longer. The request goes to the burgemeester, who checks the fee, checks completeness, cross-checks the population register, investigates residence status and the other conditions, handles name-fixing, and then advises the Minister, forwarding the advice with the file. The IND assesses. Where the request is granted the King signs a Royal Decree on the Minister's proposal, and the extracts are sent for handover to the authority of the applicant's place of residence; refusals go directly to the applicant with the objection deadline stated. Nationality vests when the extract is handed over at the ceremony, backdated to the date of the decree.

A request lodged outside the Kingdom is received at the competent Dutch diplomatic or consular post, which cross-checks and tests the conditions before forwarding to the Minister.

The statutory periods differ by procedure, and none of them measures the part of a historic claim that usually takes longest.

A petition for a declaration of nationality. No decision period for the court is established in the sources behind this entry, and no filing deadline appears in the provision. Only cassation follows, so there is no intermediate appeal stage to plan for.

The option route for a former national or former Dutch subject. The authority decides within 13 weeks of receiving the declaration, extendable once by at most 13 further weeks, giving a ceiling of 26 weeks (Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap art 6(5), in force since 1 October 2023). The clock starts only once the fee has been paid or fully waived and any requested documents have been supplied, so an incomplete file postpones the start without notice. Handover must follow within nine weeks of the finding that conditions are met, and a confirmation not made known within one year of the date it bears lapses by operation of law, with no remedy against the lapse (Besluit verkrijging en verlies Nederlanderschap arts 60a(7) and 60a(11)). Before any of this, the qualifying year of indefinite admission and main residence has to be served.

Naturalisation. The decision must be taken within one year, running from the latest of payment of the fee, the decision fully waiving payment, or receipt of the requested supplementation; and the decision may be held at most twice for six months, giving an outer limit of two years (art 9(4)). Policy makes the trigger precise: the year begins only once all documents necessary for assessment have been received by the burgemeester. Where documents are missing at filing you are given six weeks to complete the file. After the Royal Decree you must be summoned within six weeks of the decree's date, and the handover must take place within six weeks of the summons; the decree lapses if the extract is not made known within one year of its date (arts 60b(2), 60b(7) and 60b(11)).

Actual naturalisation performance, as distinct from the legal deadline: applicant-experienced time from filing at the municipality to the ceremony fell from 344 days in 2018 to 182 days in 2024; in 2024 the municipal stage took 13 days, the IND stage 95 days for granted cases, and the Kabinet van de Koning 18 days (IND, Monitor Naturalisatie en Optie 2018-2024, June 2025, Table 6). Over 2018 to 2024, 82 percent of granted requests filed in the European Netherlands reached a ceremony within a year of filing, against 77 percent for requests filed at diplomatic posts. For option, no processing-time series is published anywhere in the Kingdom, because the IND holds only confirmations, plays no part in handling and never sees refusals.

On a claim resting on events of the 1970s, the binding constraint is usually the archival work, which sits outside every statutory period because the decision clocks do not start until the file is complete.

What you pay depends on which procedure your claim runs through.

A petition for a declaration of nationality. The Rijkswet sets no fee. On the ordinary civil tariff a petition of unspecified value at the rechtbank costs €341 for a natural person, €93 for a person of limited means and €735 for a legal person in 2026 (Stcrt. 2025, 39855, in force 1 January 2026). The classification of a nationality-determination petition under that tariff line is not expressly established in a source, so treat the figure as indicative and confirm it with the court. On cassation, the 2026 fee for a petition of unspecified value at the Hoge Raad is €386 for a natural person and €932 for a legal person.

The option route for a former national or former Dutch subject. European Netherlands: €241 single, €412 joint, €27 per minor child included (2026 schedule; WBN 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31825, in force 1 January 2026). Aruba Afl. 501, Afl. 857, Afl. 56 (WBN-A 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31841). Curaçao and Sint Maarten Cg 502, Cg 858, Cg 56 (WBN-CM 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31847). Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba US$282, US$481, US$32 (WBN-BES 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31842). All in force 1 January 2026.

Naturalisation. European Netherlands: €1,139 single standard, €1,454 joint standard, €847 single reduced and €1,163 joint reduced for stateless applicants and holders of an asylum residence permit, and €168 for each co-naturalising child (2026 schedule; WBN 2025/3). Aruba Afl. 2,368 single standard, Afl. 3,023 joint, Afl. 1,761 single reduced, Afl. 349 per child. Curaçao and Sint Maarten Cg 2,373, Cg 3,029, Cg 1,765, Cg 350. Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba US$1,331, US$1,699, US$989, US$196.

Of a single naturalisation fee in the European Netherlands, the municipality retains €241 and remits the balance; an option fee is retained in full by the receiving authority (Besluit optie- en naturalisatiegelden 2002 arts 7 and 8, with the 2026 figures in WBN 2025/3).

In both nationality procedures the fee must be paid within six weeks of receipt of the declaration or request, failing which it is set aside without being handled (art 6), and it must be paid in one instalment (art 5(5)). Discretionary waivers exist for a minor filing independently, for a person wrongly treated as Dutch for over a year through official error, and, for naturalisation only, on grounds of state interest or merit to the state (art 4(2)); none is available where the applicant's own fraud or carelessness caused the error (art 4(4)).

Do not take amounts from the consolidated fee decree, which still shows 2011 base figures such as €789 for a single naturalisation and €168 for a single option. They are not payable.

No instrument in force confers Dutch nationality on the basis of the 1975 Suriname independence settlement, and the allocation and opt-back arrangements of that period are not established in this evidence base: nothing here decides who retained, lost or could recover Dutch nationality then. The framework in force is the Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap, consolidated text current since 1 October 2023 and unamended in force since. Where status is uncertain, arts 17 to 20 provide a declaratory petition to the rechtbank Den Haag, or to the Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie for Caribbean residents, with cassation the only remedy (art 18(2)) and binding effect on every executing body (art 19). Acquisition then runs through the option in art 6(1)(f) for a former Dutch national or Nederlands onderdaan-niet-Nederlander, or naturalisation under art 7(1) with the five-year residence condition disapplied by art 8(2). The integration standard is the Besluit naturalisatietoets, in force since 26 May 2022, arts 3(1)(h)(2°) and 5(1), whose art 3(1)(l) accepts a comparable Dutch-medium diploma obtained in Suriname with a pass in the subject Dutch. The legalisation circulaire that exempted Surinamese documents (Stcrt. 2023, 8509) lapsed on 1 January 2024 and no successor was located. Art 28 is not a general restoration clause but the narrow pre-Rijkswet married-women declaration, made within one year of the marriage's dissolution and retroactive to it.

The status question here is decided by a court, not by an administration. A petition under the Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap, unchanged since 1 October 2023, goes to the rechtbank Den Haag, or to the Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie where the person lives in Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten or the BES islands; the forum follows residence rather than the place of the historical events. The Minister is an interested party, only cassation lies against the outcome, and once irrevocable it binds every public body applying any statutory rule.

Where nationality has genuinely to be acquired, two machines apply. An option declaration is received and decided in one place, by the burgemeester, IND-Caribisch Nederland or the Cabinet of the Governor. A naturalisation request is only received there: it is investigated and forwarded with an advice, the IND assesses, and the grant is made by Royal Decree on the Minister's proposal. From abroad the request is lodged at a Dutch embassy or consulate, which checks it and forwards it to the Minister.

Which remedy applies depends on which procedure produced the outcome. The two chains are different, and conflating them is a common and costly error.

Against a court's decision on a petition for a declaration of nationality, only cassation to the Hoge Raad lies; there is no appeal to a court of second instance (Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap art 18(2)). The compensating advantage is that once the decision is irrevocable it binds every body charged with executing any statutory regulation (art 19).

Against a refusal to confirm an option declaration, or a refusal of naturalisation, the administrative chain applies, and it does not run to the Hoge Raad. In the European Netherlands:

1. Objection (bezwaar) to the authority that decided, within six weeks of the day after notification (Algemene wet bestuursrecht arts 6:7 and 6:8), free of charge (art 7:15(1)), with a right to be heard (art 7:2) and a full reconsideration of the decision rather than a legality check (art 7:11). Decision within six weeks, or twelve where an advisory committee is involved, extendable once by six weeks (art 7:10). For a naturalisation refusal the IND states the same six weeks, extendable by six.
2. Appeal (beroep) to the rechtbank within six weeks; court fee €200 for a natural person in 2026 (art 8:41(2)(b); Stcrt. 2025, 39855, in force 1 January 2026), payable within four weeks of the registrar's notice, failing which the appeal is inadmissible unless you cannot reasonably be said to be in default or you prove insolvency. Where you have no residence in the Netherlands, the competent court is that of the seat of the deciding authority (art 8:7(2)).
3. Further appeal (hoger beroep) to the Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State within six weeks; fee €297 for a natural person (art 8:109(1)(b)).

Worst case in court fees, 2026: €497, excluding legal representation.

Standard of review. On domestic refusal grounds the courts are deferential: very great restraint is required before departing from the applicable policy standards, though departure is required where only that produces a correct application of the law (ABRvS 20 June 2018, ECLI:NL:RVS:2018:2056). Where a naturalisation decision is held rather than taken, that holding is itself a decision open to challenge.

If the authority simply fails to decide in time, serve a written notice of default; two weeks later a penalty payment begins to run by operation of law at €23 a day for the first 14 days, €35 for the next 14 and €45 thereafter, capped at 42 days, and you may appeal for failure to decide (arts 4:17 to 4:20 and 6:12).

Outside the European Netherlands the Algemene wet bestuursrecht does not apply and none of these amounts carries across. Curaçao and Sint Maarten operate their own Landsverordening administratieve rechtspraak, with six-week deadlines, a court fee of NAf 150 and double that on further appeal to the Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie. Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba apply the Wet administratieve rechtspraak BES: appeal within six weeks to the Gerecht in eerste aanleg, court fee US$84 (arts 16(1) and 17(1), in force since 1 August 2018). For Aruba the Gemeenschappelijk Hof publishes six-week deadlines with court fees of AWG 25 and AWG 75.

You are a descendant rather than the person whose status changed. Test the claim at the generation where the doubt sits. The declaratory petition may be brought in respect of a deceased person, which allows a parent's or grandparent's position to be established directly rather than argued by inference from your own.

You want to reacquire without moving to the Kingdom. The option route for former nationals cannot be exercised from abroad. It requires admission for an indefinite period together with main residence, and one uninterrupted year of both, accrued as a foreign national. Naturalisation removes the five-year residence condition for a former national or former Dutch subject, but leaves the rest of the conditions intact, including the language and civic-integration requirement.

The language requirement, and the Suriname exemption. For naturalisation the level is CEFR A2 in reading, listening, speaking and writing, and it applies even to someone who was never subject to the civic-integration obligation. Exemptions granted under the civic-integration legislation do not automatically carry over into the naturalisation procedure, which is a genuine trap. But a comparable diploma obtained in Dutch-medium education in Suriname, where the subject Dutch was passed, is an accepted exemption in its own right, as is a diploma from Dutch-medium education generally. Check whether you already hold an exempting document before enrolling for an exam. A separate waiver exists on medical or intellectual grounds, or on demonstrated but unsuccessful effort, which in its main form means at least three attempts plus 600 hours of tuition with a certified provider.

Renunciation. Naturalisation carries a duty to do what is possible to lose your other nationality, subject to four statutory exemptions: nationals covered by the Second Protocol arrangements, applicants born in the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao or Sint Maarten and resident there at the time of the application, applicants married to a Dutch national, and recognised refugees. Policy adds further grounds on which renunciation cannot reasonably be required, including where the state concerned does not permit renunciation in law or in practice, where the fee would cause substantial financial disadvantage, and where renunciation is only possible after naturalisation, in which case you sign a declaration of willingness at the outset. The option route carries no renunciation duty.

Legalisation of Surinamese documents. A structural exemption existed under the legalisation circular in force to the end of 2023. That circular lapsed on 1 January 2024 and no successor could be located as of 25 July 2026. Verify the current position rather than relying on either state of affairs.

Assuming art 28 is a general restoration clause. It is not. It covers women who lost Dutch nationality through a marriage concluded before the Rijkswet came into force, with a one-year deadline running from the dissolution of that marriage and acquisition retroactive to that date.

The disproportionate-loss restoration route. It does not reach a loss occurring in 1975, because it requires that EU citizenship was lost along with Dutch nationality, which confines it to losses on or after 1 November 1993.

A proposal to extend the general naturalisation residence term from five to ten years exists but had not been submitted to parliament as of 25 July 2026. It is not law and must not be planned around.

Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap, consolidated text in force since 1 October 2023: art 6(1)(f) on the option route for former nationals and former Dutch subjects, art 6(1)(p) on restoration after disproportionate automatic loss, art 6(4) and 6(5), art 8(1) and 8(2) on the naturalisation conditions and the residence waiver, art 9 on refusal and renunciation, arts 17 to 20 on the declaratory procedure and its binding effect, art 23(2) on the declaration of solidarity, and art 28. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0003738/2023-10-01

Statuut voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, arts 1, 2 and 3(1)(c), establishing that nationality is a Kingdom affair while admission and residence are per-constituency. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0002154

Besluit verkrijging en verlies Nederlanderschap, in force since 1 March 2017: arts 2 and 3 on receiving authorities and filing in person, art 6 on data and evidence, arts 33 to 38 on the naturalisation sequence in the European Netherlands, arts 51 to 54 on requests lodged abroad, art 60a on option handover and art 60b on naturalisation handover, including the six-week summons, the six-week handover window and the one-year lapse. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0013605

Handleiding Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap 2003, binding policy, version in force from 1 July 2026: art 7 sections 2.3.5.2 to 2.3.5.6 on documents, passports and substitutes, legalisation, translation and evidentiary impossibility; art 8(1)(d) sections 6.2 and 6.3 on the integration requirement, its exempting diplomas and its waivers; art 9 sections 3 and 4 on good character, the five-year rehabilitation period and the categories in which renunciation cannot reasonably be required. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBW33099

Besluit naturalisatietoets, in force since 26 May 2022: art 2 on the functional standard and the four skills, art 3(1)(b) and (l) on Dutch-medium education diplomas including those obtained in Suriname, arts 3(1)(h)(2) and 5(1) fixing the level at CEFR A2, and art 4 on waivers. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0013604/2022-05-26

Circulaire legalisatie en verificatie buitenlandse bewijsstukken 2023, Stcrt. 2023, 8509, section B.3, which exempted documents from Suriname, Indonesia and New Guinea from legalisation. This regulation is recorded as having lapsed on 1 January 2024 and no successor was located as of 25 July 2026. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0047987

Besluit optie- en naturalisatiegelden 2002, consolidated text in force since 1 January 2011, arts 2 to 9. The amounts printed there are 2011 base amounts and are not payable. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0013782

Besluit WBN 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31825, in force 1 January 2026, with the 2026 European Netherlands tariffs and the retention and remittance tables. https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stcrt-2025-31825.html With WBN-A 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31841; WBN-CM 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31847; WBN-BES 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31842.

Regeling indexering, Stcrt. 2025, 39855, in force 1 January 2026, setting the 2026 administrative court fees and the civil griffierecht table. https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stcrt-2025-39855.html

Algemene wet bestuursrecht, version in force from 1 July 2026. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0005537

IND, Monitor Naturalisatie en Optie 2018-2024, June 2025, Tables 6 and 7. https://ind.nl/nl/documenten/07-2025/monitor-naturalisatie-en-optie-2018-2024.pdf

Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State, 20 June 2018, ECLI:NL:RVS:2018:2056. https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/details?id=ECLI:NL:RVS:2018:2056