Uznanie - spouse of Polish citizen (3y marriage + 2y residence)

Spouse-based Uznanie with reduced threshold: 3-year marriage + 2-year karta pobytu czasowego. Not automatic — foreign spouse still goes through full Uznanie procedure. Pre-1951 automatic-acquisition for foreign wives abolished by 1951 Act.

Route relationships: PL-NAT-01 (subset).

• Uznanie is available to foreigners married ≥3 years to a Polish citizen with karta pobytu czasowego for ≥2 years (UOP Art. 30 ust. 1 pkt 2) — the marriage-based residence reduction.
• Marriage to a Polish citizen does not confer automatic Polish citizenship — foreign spouse must pursue Uznanie after 3-year marriage + 2-year karta pobytu czasowego residence (UOP Art. 30 ust. 1 pkt 2).
• Between 1951-01-19 and 1962-08-21 under 1951 Act, women marrying Polish men did not automatically acquire citizenship; the pre-1951 automatic-acquisition rule for foreign wives was abolished.

Universal Polish eligibility framework: All routes evaluated under (a) Konstytucja Art. 34 ust. 1 (acquisition by birth to Polish-citizen parents) + ust. 2 (voluntary renunciation only); (b) operative era's governing statute (1920/1951/1962/UOP 2009) per Era Map; (c) NSA II OSK 1868/16 burden-on-state evidentiary standard for loss-of-status claims; (d) KPA Art. 77 evidentiary investigation duties on Wojewoda. EU-law overlay: CJEU Rottmann (C-135/08) + Tjebbes (C-221/17) + JY (C-118/20) + Kaur + Zambrano + Chavez-Vilchez + Prefet du Gers proportionality framework where Polish citizenship loss would deprive EU citizenship status. Karta Polaka (2007) intersects multiple routes -- particularly SPC-01 pathway and NAT-01 pkt 4 reduced threshold.

Universal Polish requirements framework: All routes administered by (a) Wojewoda (Potwierdzenie / Uznanie) OR MSWiA (Przywrocenie / preparation for Prezydent Nadanie) OR USC (vital-records registration); (b) KPA framework with Art. 35 par. 3 statutory deadlines + Art. 77 evidentiary investigation; (c) appeal pathway: MSWiA odwolanie within 14 days per KPA Art. 127 -> WSA judicial review -> NSA cassation; (d) sworn translation via tlumacz przysiegly (Ministerstwo Sprawiedliwosci registry); (e) apostille per 1961 Hague Convention (PL party from 2005-08-14) OR Polish embassy legalization; (f) EU public documents under Regulation (EU) 2016/1191 may use Multilingual Standard Form attachment.

• Documentary requirements per Rozporządzenie MSWiA wzór + Apostille + sworn translation for foreign documents.

Apostille and translation requirements: All foreign-issued documents require apostille per 1961 Hague Convention (Poland party; PL accession 2005-08-14) OR Polish embassy legalization for non-Apostille countries. Sworn translations by tlumacz przysiegly (sworn translator registered with Ministerstwo Sprawiedliwosci) required for all non-Polish documents (KPA Art. 5 par. 2). EU public documents under Regulation (EU) 2016/1191 may benefit from streamlined Multilingual Standard Form attachment.

• Procedure before Wojewoda: application per Rozporządzenie MSWiA, KPA Art. 35-37 timelines.

Primary authority: Wojewoda.

Administrative path: administrative; review under KPA framework. Appeal pathway: MSWiA odwolanie within 14 days per KPA Art. 127 -> WSA judicial review (sady administracyjne) -> NSA cassation. Bezczynnosc (inaction) remedy available under KPA Art. 37 (ponaglenie); NSA II OSK 574/25 confirms availability but rarely granted in citizenship matters due to discretionary latitude.

PL-LEG-UOP2009-Art30 ust. 1 pkt 2

Primary instruments (-pinned): PL-LEG-1951ACT, PL-LEG-UOP2009-Art30.

Evidence anchors: PL-EVID-010, PL-EVID-020, PL-EVID-021.

Anchor era: E5. Constitutional and statutory framework (all PL routes): Konstytucja RP 1997 (Dz.U. 1997 Nr 78 poz. 483) Art. 34 ust. 1 (citizenship acquired by birth to Polish-citizen parents) + Art. 34 ust. 2 (voluntary renunciation only) + Art. 137 (Prezydent Nadanie competence). Statutory hierarchy across eras: Pilsudski 1919 Dekret (PL-LEG-1918DEKRET) -> 1920 Act (Dz.U. 1920 Nr 7 poz. 44) -> 1951 Act (Dz.U. 1951 Nr 4 poz. 25) -> 1962 Act (Dz.U. 1962 Nr 10 poz. 49) -> UOP 2009 (Dz.U. 2012 poz. 161, effective 2012-08-15). KPA 2024 (Kodeks postepowania administracyjnego, consolidated) governs procedure. Treaty framework: Hague Apostille 1961 (PL accession 2005-08-14), 1957 CoE Convention on Reduction of Cases of Multiple Nationality (PL withdrawal post-1989), 1997 ECN (PL signed 1999-04-29 but NOT ratified -- KCQ-22 limits Art. 4-5 ECN persuasive authority).

UOP Art. 30 ust. 1 pkt 3 (Uznanie via marriage). Marriage to Polish citizen does NOT confer citizenship automatically. Threshold: 3y marriage + 2y permanent residence + B1 Polish + Uznanie application to Wojewoda.