Jus soli da 14ª Emenda (assinatura)
Cidadania em United States
- Elegibilidade
- [pt-scaffold] 14A+INA 301(a).
- Prazo
- T1
- Renúncia
- Não exigida
Esta página foi traduzida automaticamente. A versão em inglês é a oficial.
Base jurídica
O estatuto operativo é INA sec. 301 (a) = 8 USC seg. 1401(a), promulgado como parte da Lei de Imigração e Nacionalidade de 1952 (Lei McCarran-Walter, Pub. L. 82-414, 66 Stat. 235) e atual conforme alterado pelo Pub. L. 119-21 (4 de julho de 2025). A Seção 1401 (a) rastreia o texto constitucional literalmente ('uma pessoa nascida nos Estados Unidos e sujeita à sua jurisdição'), de modo que o estatuto e a Emenda são coextensivos no nascimento no solo dos EUA. O antecessor legal foi a Lei dos Direitos Civis de 1866 (cap. 31, seção 1, 14 Estat. 27), que declarou cidadãos nascidos nos Estados Unidos e não sujeitos a qualquer poder estrangeiro; a Décima Quarta Emenda (ratificada em 9 de julho de 1868) elevou e constitucionalizou essa garantia para isolá-la da revogação pela legislação ordinária e para repudiar Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 US 393 (1857). Porque seg. 1401(a) apenas reafirma um comando constitucional, o Congresso não pode, apenas por estatuto, restringir a classe de cidadãos nascidos nos EUA abaixo do piso constitucional; qualquer restrição exigiria uma emenda constitucional ou uma releitura da Cláusula pelo Supremo Tribunal.
Cenários de exemplo
U.S. citizen at birth, with tribal/property rights unimpaired.
A Native American born in the U.S. is a citizen at birth under INA sec. 301(b) = 8 USC sec. 1401(b), which carries forward the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 and supersedes the pre-1924 exclusion of Elk v. Wilkins, 112 U.S. 94 (1884). Section 1401(b) expressly preserves tribal and property rights, so U.S. citizenship coexists with tribal enrollment (see US-HIS-02 and US-IND-01).
NOT a U.S. citizen at birth.
The child of an accredited diplomat with full diplomatic immunity is not 'subject to the jurisdiction thereof' within the meaning of the 14th Amendment / 8 USC sec. 1401(a), per the law-of-nations exception recognized in United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898). This is one of the narrow recognized exclusions from jus soli and is unrelated to EO 14160.
U.S. citizen at birth (and may hold dual nationality).
Birth on U.S. soil to non-diplomatic alien parents confers citizenship at birth under 8 USC sec. 1401(a) and Wong Kim Ark, regardless of the parents' temporary status or later departure. The child may also acquire the parents' nationality by descent; the U.S. tolerates the resulting dual nationality (Afroyim v. Rusk, 387 U.S. 253 (1967)). EO 14160 would target temporary-status cases but is not in effect as of 2026-06-01.
U.S. citizen (rebuttable) under the foundling provision.
INA sec. 301(f) = 8 USC sec. 1401(f) deems a foundling discovered in the United States while under the age of 5 to be a citizen, unless shown before age 21 not to have been born in the U.S. This is the principal domestic statelessness-mitigation device, operating independently of any treaty (the U.S. is neither party nor signatory to the 1954/1961 statelessness conventions).
Entitled to recognition as a citizen; agency must apply the operative law.
As of 2026-06-01 EO 14160 is blocked nationwide and has never taken effect, so an agency cannot lawfully deny recognition of citizenship on its basis; the controlling law remains 8 USC sec. 1401(a) + Wong Kim Ark. The person may pursue administrative review and, if necessary, a declaratory-judgment action under INA sec. 360 = 8 USC sec. 1503. The ultimate Supreme Court ruling in Trump v. Barbara (No. 25-365) is pending and not predicted (A262).
U.S. citizen at birth.
Under the operative law as of 2026-06-01 — the 14th Amendment Citizenship Clause + United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) + INA sec. 301(a) = 8 USC sec. 1401(a) — a child born on U.S. soil to domiciled non-diplomatic alien parents is a citizen at birth regardless of the parents' immigration status. EO 14160 would purport to exclude this child but is blocked nationwide and has never taken effect; the child is a citizen under the controlling law. The case outcome of Trump v. Barbara is not predicted (A262).
Resumo informativo compilado a partir de fontes legais primárias — não é aconselhamento jurídico. A lei de cidadania muda; verifique com a autoridade competente antes de agir. Verificado pela última vez em 2026-04-24.
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