Натурализация на основе усыновления (полное усыновление)

BG-ADP-01 (program_id 1956, bucket ADP) is Bulgaria's adoption-based naturalization route: acquisition of българско гражданство by a non-citizen who has been fully adopted (пълно осиновяване) by a Bulgarian citizen. The defining principle is that adoption is citizenship-NEUTRAL — ЗБГ чл. 6 states 'Осиновяването не променя гражданството на осиновения,' so the adoption decree alone confers nothing ipso iure. Instead the adoptee acquires citizenship by naturalization through one of two overlapping statutory tracks: чл. 15(1) т. 2 (privileged naturalization retaining only the adult and clean-record conditions) or the more favorable чл. 18(2) (on чл. 18(1) conditions, without any чл. 12 conditions). Only full adoption qualifies; incomplete adoption (непълно осиновяване) does not. Acquisition is by presidential указ on a Minister-of-Justice proposal. As of ЗБГ consolidated to ДВ бр. 61/29.07.2025.

ТРИ ЛОКУСА Усыновление-гражданство по антифабрикации V97: (1) §13 ал. 2 [отказ усыновителя-освобождение от усыновления]; (2) §15 ал. 1 т. 2 [усыновленный ребенок гражданина БГ через частную осьновяване]; (3) §25 [приобретение залога по семейным обстоятельствам]. Кодекс Семеен Чл. 100-102 + Чл. 113–117 охватывают полное и частичное усыновление.

Adoption-based naturalization has NO route-specific residence requirement. Track A (чл. 15(1) т. 2) expressly WAIVES чл. 12(1) т. 2 — the standard requirement of at least 5 years holding a permanent or long-term residence permit — so the adult adoptee need not show any qualifying residence period to naturalize. Track B (чл. 18(2)) imports чл. 18(1)'s framework, which acquires 'без да са налице условията по чл. 12' entirely, so no residence condition applies at all. This contrasts sharply with standard naturalization (BG-NAT-01, 5-year т. 2 clock) and with marriage (BG-MAR-01) and stateless/refugee routes (3-year clocks). The absence of a residence clock is one of the principal favorabilities of the ADP route, reflecting that the adoptee's qualifying link is the family relationship, not territorial presence. No primary source imposes any residence floor on either ADP track.

Документите follow Наредба № 1/1999. For Track A (чл. 15 т. 2), чл. 6, ал. 1, т. 2 (изм. ДВ бр. 51/2001) requires: (a) 'влязло в сила решение за допускане на пълно осиновяване' (the final, effective court decision admitting full adoption) and (b) 'удостоверение, че осиновителят е български гражданин' (certificate that the adopter is a Bulgarian citizen). For the Track B (чл. 18(2)) adoptee — processed alongside the чл. 18(1) child track — Наредба № 1 чл. 9 requires 'документ, удостоверяващ българското гражданство на родителя или осиновителя' plus the чл. 4(1) т. 1, 8-11, 13, 14 cluster (identity, civil-status, photographs, fee receipt). Foreign public documents must be legalized (1961 Apostille or applicable treaty) and translated into Bulgarian. A foreign full-adoption decree must first be КМЧП-recognized so that a 'влязло в сила решение' exists in the Bulgarian sense.

Постановление об усыновлении в соответствии с Семеенским кодексом + признание иностранного усыновления согласно Гаагской конвенции 1993 года (сторона BG). Проверка МП + регистрация гражданства. Пристальное внимание ДАНС к RU-когорте после 2022 года усилилось.

The controlling statutory timing is the Ministry-of-Justice proposal deadline under чл. 35(1): 12 months for general naturalization (т. 1) and 9 months for Bulgarian-origin naturalization (т. 2). An adoption-based application processed within the Глава пета naturalization machinery is governed by these terms, followed by the presidential указ stage; there is NO adoption-specific statutory clock. The чл. 35 deadlines are MoJ proposal terms, not guarantees of total elapsed time — the Съвет по гражданството opinion step (after МВР and ДАНС written opinions) and the presidential decree stage mean realistic end-to-end duration runs from many months to a few years. A T3 NGO 'about 18 months' figure is NOT statutory and is superseded by the чл. 35 framework (12/9/6/3/1 months). The precise total adoption-track timeline is not pinned to a primary source.

Държавните такси за гражданство са по Тарифа № 1 към ЗДТ (раздел 'Г', Ministry of Justice). The 2025 fee reform — ПМС № 104/25.06.2025, обн. ДВ бр. 52/2025, in force 01.07.2025 — raised придобиване/възстановяване citizenship fees by roughly a factor of ten (e.g. молби by a Bulgarian parent/origin moved from 30 to 300 BGN); the чл. 39 establishment certificate moved from 50 to 250 BGN (127.82 EUR). The exact line-item fee for a чл. 15 / чл. 18(2) acquisition is not lifted verbatim from the revised Тарифа. Currency rule: fees quoted before 2026-01-01 are in BGN; from the euro changeover on 01.01.2026 they are in EUR at the fixed conversion rate 1 EUR = 1.95583 BGN (one-month dual circulation ended 31.01.2026). Consular ancillary costs (interview, translation/certification) apply where the application is filed abroad.

The route rests on a tightly interlocking set of ЗБГ articles. Чл. 6 (Глава първа) supplies the anti-automatic rule: 'Осиновяването не променя гражданството на осиновения' — adoption does not change the adoptee's citizenship, foreclosing any descent-style ipso iure acquisition. Чл. 15(1) opens privileged naturalization 'без да са налице условията по чл. 12, ал. 1, т. 2, 4, 5 и 6' for, inter alia, a person 'осиновен … от български гражданин при условията на пълно осиновяване' (т. 2). Чл. 18(2) ('Доп. — ДВ бр. 41/2001') provides the alternative: 'При условията на ал. 1 могат да придобият българско гражданство и лица, осиновени от български гражданин при условията на пълно осиновяване' — importing чл. 18(1)'s 'без да са налице условията по чл. 12.' The substantive notion of пълно осиновяване comes from Семеен кодекс Глава осма (чл. 100-102). The two ЗБГ tracks co-exist in the consolidated text and are modeled as Overlap BG-OVL-007.

Several authorities act in sequence. The competent COURT admits the full adoption (СК Глава осма); for a foreign decree, recognition runs through the КМЧП. The Ministry of Justice (Министерство на правосъдието), through дирекция 'Българско гражданство,' receives, registers and reviews the citizenship application (Наредба № 1 чл. 13(1)). The Съвет по гражданството — a standing consultative body at the MoJ chaired by a Deputy Minister of Justice, with representatives of MoJ, MFA, МВР (MoI), and other ministries plus ДАНС, ИАБЧ/ДАБЧ and the State Agency for Refugees — issues its мнение (чл. 33), conditioned on prior written opinions of МВР and ДАНС. The Minister of Justice proposes to the President (чл. 34). The President of the Republic grants citizenship by указ (чл. 36; Конституция чл. 98 т. 9 — the President 'дава … българско гражданство').

Bulgaria tolerates dual nationality and the adoptee KEEPS any foreign citizenship. ЗБГ чл. 3 treats a Bulgarian who is also a foreign national as only Bulgarian under Bulgarian law, with no automatic loss on foreign acquisition. For ADP specifically, both tracks remove the renunciation requirement: Track A (чл. 15(1) т. 2) expressly waives чл. 12(1) т. 6 (release from / to-be-released-from prior citizenship), and Track B (чл. 18(2)) imposes no чл. 12 conditions at all. The чл. 15 cohort accordingly retains foreign citizenship on naturalization. This means a fully-adopted person can become Bulgarian without surrendering their existing nationality — a material advantage over the standard NAT-01 baseline, where renunciation (subject to the чл. 12(2) carve-outs for spouses, EU/EEA/Swiss and reciprocity-treaty nationals) is otherwise required.