Ретроактивная потеря резервирования из-за отказа (двойники иностранного происхождения)
Гражданство в стране Япония
- Право на участие
- Японец, приобретающий иностранное гражданство при рождении, будучи рожденным ЗА РУБЕЖОМ (国外), теряет японское гражданство задним числом, если оговорка о гражданстве не будет подана в течение 3 месяцев после рождения (статья 12 + статья 104 Закона о семейном регистре). Конституционность подтверждена 3-й малой коллегией ВС 10 марта 2015 г.
- Отказ от гражданства
- Не требуется
Сроки
- The Art. 12 nationality-reservation (国籍留保) intent must be expressed within 3 months of the date of birth, filed together with the birth notification, by a person entitled to give the birth notification (Family Register Act Art. 104(1)-(2)); a 14-day extension applies where the deadline was missed for reasons not attributable to the filer (Art. 104(3)).
Правовая основа
Primary legal authorities: Nationality Act Art.12, Family Register Act Art.104, SC 2015-03-10 平成25(行ツ)230. Status: Operative (—present). Administering authority: Ministry of Justice (法務省), Civil Affairs Bureau, via the Legal Affairs Bureaus (法務局); consular missions (外務省) for notifications/applications filed abroad. A Japanese acquiring a foreign nationality at birth while born ABROAD (国外) retroactively loses Japanese nationality unless a nationality reservation is filed within 3 months of birth (Art.12 + Family Register Act Art.104). Constitutionality upheld SC 3rd Petty Bench 2015-03-10.
Компетентный орган
- The Supreme Court (3rd Petty Bench, 2015-03-10, docket 平成25(行ツ)230, 民集69巻2号265頁) upheld the constitutionality of Art. 12 retroactive loss against challenges under Constitution Arts. 13 and 14(1), holding the reservation mechanism a reasonable means tied to genuine connection and avoidance of formalistic nationality.
Exceptions & edge cases
- A Japanese national who acquired a foreign nationality by birth and was born OUTSIDE Japan (国外で生まれた) retroactively loses Japanese nationality as of the time of birth unless an intention to reserve Japanese nationality (国籍留保) is indicated per the Family Register Act.
Примеры сценариев
Примеры сценариев приведены на английском языке.
Yuki acquired Japanese nationality at birth under Art. 2(i) (father Japanese) but then lost it retroactively under Art. 12: she was born abroad (Canada), acquired Canadian nationality at birth, and no reservation was filed within 3 months. She is therefore not currently a Japanese national (loss was retroactive to birth). Art. 17(1) reacquisition is available: she is under 18 (she is 14), and she has a domicile in Japan (Tokyo for 2 years). She may reacquire Japanese nationality by notification to the Minister of Justice. The notification is filed in person at the Legal Affairs Bureau. Reacquisition takes effect at the time of the notification (Art. 17(3)). After reacquisition, she files a koseki entry notification within 1 month (Family Register Act Art. 102). Since she is under 15, her father (as statutory agent, Art. 18) makes the notification on her behalf. This must happen BEFORE she turns 18.
Art. 12 applied: born abroad + Canadian nationality at birth + no reservation → retroactive loss | Art. 17(1) reacquisition available: under 18 + Japanese domicile | Notification effective at filing (Art. 17(3)) | Under-15: father as statutory agent (Art. 18) | Window closes at age 18 — must act before then
Информационная сводка, составленная по первичным правовым источникам, — не является юридической консультацией. Законы о гражданстве меняются; проверьте в компетентном органе, прежде чем действовать. Последняя проверка: 2026-06-22.
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