Исправление потерь женщин в браке 1892 г.

A Dutch woman who married a foreign man before the Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap came into being lost her Dutch nationality automatically, by operation of the nationality law then in force. The Rijkswet keeps a dedicated repair mechanism open for that cohort.

Under article 28 such a woman reacquires Dutch nationality by making a written declaration (verklaring) which the receiving authority then confirms in writing; articles 6(3) to 6(6) of the Rijkswet apply to that declaration by analogy. This is not naturalisation. There is no Royal Decree, no integration examination, no discretionary weighing of merit, and the body that receives the declaration is also the body that decides it.

Two features set this pathway apart from every other restoration route. First, it is time-barred: the declaration must be made within one year of the dissolution of the marriage that caused the loss, or within one year of the moment the woman was able to learn of that dissolution. Second, the reacquisition is retroactive — she is treated as Dutch again from the day the marriage ended, not from the day the confirmation is issued.

All statements here are as of 2026-07-25 and rest on the consolidated Rijkswet text in force since 2023-10-01, which has not been amended since that date.

Когорта голландских женщин, вышедших замуж за иностранца до 1985 года, автоматически потеряла голландское гражданство в соответствии со статьей 7 влажного закона 1892 года. С 18 мая 2026 года действуют три пути исправления: (1) переходная дополнительная процедура по статье 27 RWN (закрыта 1 января 1987 года); (2) Общее восстановление RWN по статье 28 (12 месяцев hoofdverblijf + историческая связь + хороший характер) — текущий вариант оперативного вмешательства; (3) Влажный 35859 R2157 EIF 01.04.2022 Статья 6(1)(p) Восстановление по методу Тьеббса — новая структура с развитием масштабов подгрупп. Статья 9(1) КЛДЖ обеспечивает рамки международного права, но не создает напрямую индивидуальных прав на иск в отсутствие реализации NL (Wet 1985 + Статья 28 RWN являются инструментами реализации). Документальные требования для восстановления по статье 28: свидетельство о рождении заявителя + документация о приобретении иностранного гражданства + запись о браке + 12-месячное доказательство hoofdverblijf + декларация о хорошем характере. Обжалуемый отказ bezwaar 6w → Rechtbank Den Haag → кассати Хоге Раад.

Основные утверждения с тегами маршрута:

• Женщины, потерявшие голландское гражданство в результате брака с иностранным гражданином до 1964 года: корректирующие меры посредством переходных положений Wet + RWN 1964 года; потомки, имеющие право…
• Ретроактивный объем гендерной коррекции: 1964 г. Влажные частично возмещенные потери женщин в результате брака до 1985 г.; 1985 г. RWN полностью расширена; Контрольный показатель ратификации CEDAW 1991 г.… (контакты = 4, конф = 0,88)

Three things have to be established with documents: that the applicant held Dutch nationality before the marriage, that the marriage was concluded before the Rijkswet took effect and caused the loss, and that the marriage has been dissolved and on what date.

The civil-status set is therefore her own birth certificate, the marriage certificate, and the deed or judgment dissolving the marriage — divorce, repudiation, or a death certificate. Historic evidence of the Dutch nationality she previously held is the other half of the file: an old Dutch passport, a declaration of possession of Dutch nationality, a historical population-register extract, or consular records.

Legalisation and translation. Foreign documents must in principle be legalised or carry an apostille, and the applicant bears the cost of obtaining and translating them (Handleiding Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap 2003, in force since 2026-07-01). In the Netherlands an apostille is a sticker issued by the courts; the Netherlands accepts digital apostilles issued abroad but issues paper ones only. A translation is required where the document is in a language other than Dutch, English, German or French — for Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba the accepted set is narrower, Dutch or English only. Translations must be by a sworn translator (beëdigd vertaler), preferably into Dutch, and physically attached to the original or the certified copy.

Documents already in the system. Documents previously legalised or apostilled and processed into the Dutch population register or a Dutch civil-status deed need not be produced again, unless there is well-founded doubt.

One live caution as of 2026-07-25. The policy manual instructs officials to apply "the legalisation circulaire currently in force", but the most recent such circulaire that could be located was withdrawn with effect from 2024-01-01, and no successor could be identified. Ask the receiving authority which instrument it is applying before commissioning expensive legalisation work abroad.

The declaration is lodged in person with the authority competent for the place where the applicant lives (Besluit verkrijging en verlies Nederlanderschap article 2, in force since 2017-03-01):

• European Netherlands — the burgemeester of the municipality where she is registered;
• Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba — the Minister, operationally the IND unit Caribbean Netherlands. The gezaghebber of the island has no role in the nationality chain;
• Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten — the Governor of the country concerned;
• outside the Kingdom — the Dutch diplomatic or consular post in whose district she has her main residence.

Each authority may handle only declarations from its own catchment; a declaration lodged elsewhere is not accepted. Filing is in person, with a proxy allowed only for compelling reasons, and the declaration is date- and service-stamped on receipt, with a copy given to the applicant.

Because article 6(3) applies by analogy, the authority assesses the grounds strictly on the documents put before it, and if the conditions are met it must confirm the reacquisition in writing. It has no discretion to refuse a well-founded declaration. Where the applicant has no established surname or given name, or the spelling is unsettled, the name is fixed in consultation with her and recorded in the confirmation (article 6(6)); names are transliterated into characters customary in the Kingdom.

The reacquisition is retroactive to the day the marriage was dissolved (article 28), so the confirmation records a status running from that earlier date. As of 2026-07-25 no ministerial decision and no Royal Decree enters this procedure at any point.

Two clocks matter here and they work in opposite directions.

The filing clock is the hard one. The declaration must be made within one year of the dissolution of the marriage that caused the loss, or within one year of the moment the applicant was able to learn of the dissolution (Rijkswet article 28, in force since 2023-10-01). Nothing in the instruments reviewed extends or reopens that year.

The decision clock follows the option rules applied by analogy. The authority decides within 13 weeks of receiving the declaration, and may extend that once by at most 13 further weeks — an absolute ceiling of 26 weeks (Rijkswet article 6(5)). In practice the 13 weeks do not begin on the day of filing: the clock starts only once the fee obligation has been settled or waived and any supplementary documents the authority requested have been supplied. An incomplete file therefore silently postpones the start.

Expiry of the decision period confers nothing. There is no positive silence: a missed deadline does not mean the reacquisition has been silently confirmed. In the European Netherlands the applicant may serve a written notice of default (ingebrekestelling); if two weeks then pass with no decision, a statutory penalty payment runs by operation of law at EUR 23 a day for the first 14 days, EUR 35 a day for the next 14 and EUR 45 a day thereafter, capped at 42 days (Algemene wet bestuursrecht articles 4:17 to 4:20, in force since 2026-07-01). An appeal against failure to decide may be lodged at the same time.

Do not assume that penalty regime is available before the Governor of Aruba, Curaçao or Sint Maarten, or in the BES islands. Those constituencies apply their own administrative-procedure legislation, and whether the Dutch penalty regime reaches them is not established.

1964 г., влажный + RWN, статья 28

Идентификатор источника	Цитирование
НЛ-SRC-002	—
НЛ-SRC-001	—
НЛ-SRC-062	—
НЛ-SRC-072	—

Количество контактов: 4.

A refusal to confirm is an ordinary administrative decision, challenged through the general administrative chain rather than through any special nationality procedure. The refusal letter must itself state the objection deadline.

European Netherlands. Objection (bezwaar) to the authority that decided, within 6 weeks of notification, free of charge, with a right to be heard. That authority decides within 6 weeks and may extend once by 6 weeks; the review is a full reconsideration of the decision, not a legality check. Then appeal (beroep) to the rechtbank within 6 weeks: court fee EUR 200 for a natural person in 2026, payable within 4 weeks of the registry's notice, failing which the appeal is inadmissible. Then further appeal (hoger beroep) to the Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State within 6 weeks: court fee EUR 297 for a natural person in 2026. If the appellant lives outside the Netherlands, the competent rechtbank is the one in whose district the deciding authority has its seat.

(2026 court fees: Algemene wet bestuursrecht articles 8:41 and 8:109, amounts as replaced by Stcrt. 2025, 39855, in force 2026-01-01.)

Elsewhere in the Kingdom the procedural law is different. Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten apply their own Landsverordening administratieve rechtspraak; Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba apply the Wet administratieve rechtspraak BES, with first instance before the Gerecht in eerste aanleg van Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba and onward appeal to the Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie. The six-week deadlines coincide, but the courts, the fees and the currencies differ: Curaçao and Sint Maarten NAf 150 at first instance and NAf 300 on appeal; Aruba AWG 25 and AWG 75 as published by the Gemeenschappelijk Hof; BES USD 84 at first instance.

Where the real dispute is whether the applicant is or ever was Dutch, rather than whether a declaration was correctly refused, the separate declaratory petition to establish Dutch nationality is the right instrument — see the edge cases.

The year is the whole case. Because the declaration must be made within a year of the marriage ending (Rijkswet article 28, in force since 2023-10-01), most enquiries about this pathway arrive too late. The alternative wording — one year from when the applicant was able to learn of the dissolution — is the only flexibility the statute offers, and it turns on when she could have known, not on when she in fact found out.

The Tjebbes restoration option is not a fallback here. The option ground that restores nationality where an automatic loss also stripped the person of EU citizenship cannot reach a loss that occurred before 1 November 1993: EU citizenship did not exist before that date, so it cannot have been lost. Marriage-based losses in this cohort are older than that.

If the year has run out, what remains is the former-national option — open to anyone who at any time held Dutch nationality, but requiring at least one uninterrupted year of admission for an indefinite period together with main residence inside the Kingdom, accrued as a foreign national, so it cannot be exercised from abroad — or ordinary naturalisation.

Deceased applicants and family lines. Where the woman has died and the live question is what her status was, a petition to establish Dutch nationality can be brought in respect of a deceased person (Rijkswet article 17(2)). Residents of the European Netherlands and of countries outside the Kingdom petition the rechtbank Den Haag; residents of Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten and the BES islands petition the Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie. Only cassation lies against the outcome, and once final it binds every body charged with executing any statutory scheme — which is what makes it the definitive way to settle a contested family-line status rather than re-arguing it at successive counters.

Retroactivity has consequences beyond the applicant. Because reacquisition runs from the date the marriage was dissolved rather than from the confirmation, her status in the intervening period is Dutch. What that means for anyone claiming through her is a separate question, turning on the descent rules applicable at each relevant birth, and is not resolved by this pathway.

• Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap (BWBR0003738), article 28 (declaration and confirmation for women who lost Dutch nationality by a pre-Rijkswet marriage; one-year window; retroactive to dissolution), with articles 6(3) to 6(6) applied by analogy; article 6(5) (13-week decision period, extendable once by 13 weeks); articles 17 to 19 (petition to establish Dutch nationality, including in respect of a deceased person; cassation only; binding effect). Consolidated text in force from 2023-10-01, unamended since. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0003738/2023-10-01
• Besluit verkrijging en verlies Nederlanderschap (BWBR0013605), article 2 (competent receiving authority per constituency), article 3 (filing in person). In force from 2017-03-01. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0013605
• Handleiding Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap 2003 (BWBW33099), commentary on article 7 (civil-status documents, legalisation, translation, bewijsnood) and on article 6 (decision period, no positive silence, notice of default). Binding policy, in force from 2026-07-01. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBW33099
• Algemene wet bestuursrecht (BWBR0005537), articles 4:17 to 4:20 (penalty payment for late decisions), 6:7 (six-week objection and appeal period), 7:1, 7:2, 7:10 and 7:11 (objection: compulsory, free, hearing, decision period, full reconsideration), 8:41 and 8:109 (court fees). In force from 2026-07-01. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0005537
• Regeling of 14 November 2025 indexing amounts in the Algemene wet bestuursrecht and related instruments, Stcrt. 2025, 39855, in force 2026-01-01 (2026 court fees). https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stcrt-2025-39855.html
• Wet administratieve rechtspraak BES (BWBR0028455) and the Landsverordeningen administratieve rechtspraak of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten (per-constituency appeal routes and court fees).

All statements as of 2026-07-25.