Статья 6(1)(m) — взрослый человек, приобретенный на основании совместного согласия пре-большинства

This is one of the routes that carries the reopened pre-1985 maternal line down a generation. It is for a person who was recognised (erkend) during their minority by a parent who can themselves claim Dutch nationality through the pre-1985 maternal-descent ground, or through the parallel ground for someone adopted in the Kingdom before 1 January 1985 by a woman who was Dutch when the adoption judgment became final (Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap art 6(1)(m), read with art 6(1)(i) and (j); consolidated text in force since 1 October 2023).

What sets this route apart from its neighbour is the evidential burden. Where a child was recognised before the age of seven, the recognition is taken at face value. Where the recognition came later in the child's minority, this ground additionally requires proof of biological paternity. In practice that is the whole case: the legal act of recognition is not enough on its own, and you should expect to have to establish the biological link.

This is an option (optie) pathway rather than a naturalisation. You make a written declaration, the optieverklaring, and the authority receiving it assesses the grounds on the documents you put before it and issues a written confirmation. If the requirements are met it must confirm; it has no discretion to refuse on the merits (art 6(3)).

The ground is identical throughout the Kingdom. The office, the currency and the amount you pay change between the European Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten and the BES islands. And across this whole family of routes one rule controls the order of play: the parent must acquire Dutch nationality first.

Заявитель должен дословно удовлетворить ВСЕ существенные элементы: (i) ВОЗРАСТ 18-24 лет на момент подачи заявки (до 25 ограничений согласно Статье 6(1)(m)); (ii) ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ GEZAMENLIJK GEZAG с родителем-гражданином Нидерландов в период до 18 лет — проверено с помощью записей gezagsregister или действующих правил по умолчанию для родителей, состоящих в браке/зарегистрированных партнеров; (iii) ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЕ 3-ЛЕТНЕЕ СОВМЕСТНОЕ ПРОЖИВАНИЕ с голландским родителем в Нидерландах — записи BRP в период до совершеннолетия; (iv) голландское гражданство родителя постоянно сохранялось в течение соответствующего периода совместного проживания; (v) допуск к хорошему характеру в соответствии со статьей 9(1)(a) (взрослый заявитель). Процедурные вопросы: optieverklaring подано в судебном порядке (НЕ IND) в соответствии со статьей 6(3); сбор 170 евро (график BVVN 2025 г.). Взрослый заявитель, подпадающий под действие соглашения Wet inburgering 2021 (без исключений для несовершеннолетних). Результат: декларативное признание гемеенте + публикация Королевского указа.

Three elements have to line up (Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap art 6(1)(m), in force since 1 October 2023):

• You were recognised by the parent during your minority.
• Biological paternity is proved. This is the element the neighbouring route does not carry, and it is what the file will turn on.
• That parent qualifies under the pre-1985 maternal-descent ground or the pre-1985 adoption ground. Neither parent ground has a residence requirement of its own.

The sequencing rule is what most often decides the outcome: the parent must actually have acquired Dutch nationality before the child can use this derivative ground. The sole exception is a parent who died before being able to acquire it, in which case that parent's compliance with their own ground must still be investigated after death (Handleiding Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap 2003, section 17.4, version in force from 1 July 2026).

Not required on this route:

• No language test and no civic-integration requirement of any kind. The Handleiding is explicit that option, unlike naturalisation, sets no inburgering requirement and that confirmation cannot be refused because the applicant does not speak Dutch. The integration condition sits in art 8(1)(d), which governs naturalisation alone.
• No duty to give up another nationality. The renunciation obligation in art 6a(1) is confined by its own wording to one other option ground and does not extend here.

Still required:

• The verklaring van verbondenheid, a spoken declaration of solidarity with the constitutional order of the Kingdom, from adults and from minors aged 16 or over. Its wording is fixed by art 23(2) and cannot be altered; you choose only between the religious and the secular closing formula.
• Good character. Confirmation is refused where your conduct gives rise to serious suspicions that you present a danger to public order, morals or the security of the Kingdom (art 6(4)). The ground is imperative and leaves the authority no policy freedom. The investigation is run against people aged 16 and over.
• The one-shot bar: anyone who has ever acquired Dutch nationality by option may afterwards use only two grounds, and this is not one of them (art 6(9)).

Any residence condition attaching specifically to this derivative ground is not established in the sources behind this entry and should be confirmed with the receiving authority.

This is an evidence-led route. The authority assesses the grounds on the documents put before it (Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap art 6(3)), and here the decisive material is the proof of biological paternity alongside the deed of recognition.

Expect to assemble three layers:

• Your own position: birth certificate, valid identity document, and the deed of recognition showing that the recognition took place during your minority.
• The biological link: evidence establishing biological paternity. The form this must take is not fixed in the sources behind this entry; ask the receiving authority what it accepts before commissioning anything expensive.
• The parent's position: evidence that the recognising parent qualifies under the pre-1985 maternal-descent or adoption ground. For this family of grounds the decree expressly permits the authority to demand historical nationality data on parents and grandparents (Besluit verkrijging en verlies Nederlanderschap art 6(1)(j)), so your grandmother's nationality at the relevant time is squarely in scope.

A defined data set must also be supplied: names, date, place and country of birth, address, sex, nationality or nationalities, current and earlier residence status and duration of admitted stay, marriage or partnership details, details of minor children, and anything else the authority considers necessary (art 6(1)). You must sign a statement that the data are truthful and nothing relevant is concealed (art 6(4)), and the authority may require the accuracy of what you supply to be proved by legalised and, if necessary, content-verified documents (art 6(5)).

Translation. Anything in a language other than Dutch, English, German or French must be translated by a sworn translator, preferably into Dutch, physically attached to the original or certified copy (Handleiding Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap 2003, art 7 section 2.3.5.5, version in force from 1 July 2026). On Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba only Dutch and English avoid the translation requirement.

Legalisation and apostille. You bear the cost and the burden of obtaining, translating and legalising documents. In the Netherlands an apostille is a sticker issued by the courts; the Netherlands accepts digital apostilles issued abroad but issues only paper ones. Legalisation attests the signature, the signatory's capacity and the seal, and says nothing about whether the contents are true, which is why a separate verification track exists and why the IND may order an investigation where a legalised document is suspected of being substantively wrong.

One live caveat: the legalisation circular that the Handleiding instructs officials to apply lapsed on 1 January 2024 and no successor could be located as of 25 July 2026. Ask the authority what it currently requires.

Documents already legalised and processed into the population register or a Dutch civil-status record need not be produced again unless there is well-founded doubt.

Sequence first. The parent must have completed their own claim before this declaration is lodged, unless they died before they could.

Where to file, by place of residence (Besluit verkrijging en verlies Nederlanderschap art 2, in force since 1 March 2017):

• European Netherlands: the burgemeester of your municipality of registration.
• Bonaire, Sint Eustatius or Saba: the Minister, in practice the IND unit Caribisch Nederland. The gezaghebber plays no part.
• Aruba, Curaçao or Sint Maarten: the Cabinet of the Governor of that country. In Curaçao you must appear in person and an intermediary cannot lodge the application for you.
• Outside the Kingdom: the Dutch diplomatic or consular post covering your main residence.

Declarations are made in person; a proxy is allowed only for compelling reasons (art 3(1) to (2)). Each authority handles only declarations from its own catchment. On receipt your declaration is date-stamped and service-stamped and you are given a copy.

The authority then works through a fixed sequence: it checks the fee obligation before taking the declaration into handling; once the fee is paid or waived it checks completeness and requests what is missing, which suspends the decision period until the gap is filled; it tests your data against the population register and asks other authorities to verify where you have lived elsewhere (4 weeks for another Dutch municipality, 10 weeks for a BES gezaghebber or the Minister of General Affairs of Aruba, Curaçao or Sint Maarten, 10 weeks for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which are obliged to cooperate); and from age 16 it runs the public-order check.

Having satisfied itself that the conditions are met, the authority writes to you setting out how the confirmation will be made known and whom it covers, and states at the same time in respect of whom confirmation is refused, with the deadline for objecting (art 11(1)). Copies of the file go to the Minister for the public nationality register, and the file is archived for at least twelve years.

Nationality vests on handover, not on the decision. Where the declaration of solidarity is required it must actually be made first (Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap art 6(2)). The confirmation then takes effect when it is handed to you and backdates to the date it bears (Besluit verkrijging en verlies Nederlanderschap art 60a(1)). Acquisition by option is otherwise not retroactive: the date on the confirmation fixes when you became Dutch.

No Royal Decree and no Ministerial decision enters the picture. Handling and decision lie wholly with the receiving authority.

Keep the legal deadline and the observed duration apart.

The legal deadline is 13 weeks from receipt of the declaration, extendable once by at most 13 further weeks, so 26 weeks at the absolute outside (Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap art 6(5), in force since 1 October 2023).

The clock starts only after the fee has been received or fully waived and after any requested supplementary data or documents have been supplied (Handleiding Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap 2003, version in force from 1 July 2026). On a route where biological paternity has to be proved, that start date can slip a long way while evidence is assembled, and no one will announce that it has.

Running out of time confirms nothing. There is no positive silence. Your remedy is a written notice of default; two weeks after that, if there is still no decision, a penalty payment runs by operation of law at €23 a day for the first 14 days, €35 for the next 14 and €45 thereafter, capped at 42 days (Algemene wet bestuursrecht arts 4:17 to 4:20, in force since 1 July 2026), and you may appeal for failure to decide (art 6:12). This is European Netherlands law; its availability against a Governor's Cabinet in Aruba, Curaçao or Sint Maarten is not established.

The authority may lawfully suspend the period where it seeks information from a foreign body, where you consent in writing, where the delay is attributable to you, or in force majeure (art 4:15). Ordinary capacity shortages are not force majeure and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs does not count as a foreign body.

After a positive assessment the confirmation must be handed over within nine weeks, extendable by a reasonable period for special circumstances (Besluit verkrijging en verlies Nederlanderschap art 60a(7), in force since 1 March 2017). The decision period itself ends only when you take receipt, in principle at a ceremony.

The backstop is unforgiving: a confirmation not made known within one year of the date it bears lapses by operation of law, and no objection or appeal lies against the lapse (art 60a(11)).

Actual durations are not published. There is no processing-time series for option anywhere in the Kingdom, because the IND holds only confirmations, has no role in handling and never sees refusals (IND, Monitor Naturalisatie en Optie 2018-2024, June 2025, section 4.1). The Cabinets of the Governor of Aruba and of Curaçao each state an average of six to nine months for the option procedure. That exceeds the legal ceiling and is a self-reported service expectation, not the legal period.

One payment, in a single lump sum, to the authority that receives the declaration. Each constituency has its own legally fixed amount in its own currency; the columns are not conversions of one another.

European Netherlands: €241 for a single declaration, €412 where two partners file together, €27 for each minor child included in another person's declaration (2026 schedule; WBN 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31825, in force 1 January 2026).

Aruba: Afl. 501 single, Afl. 857 joint, Afl. 56 per included child (WBN-A 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31841, in force 1 January 2026).

Curaçao and Sint Maarten: Cg 502 single, Cg 858 joint, Cg 56 per included child (WBN-CM 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31847, in force 1 January 2026). Be careful with Sint Maarten: the Cabinet of the Governor publishes lower option figures for 2026 (Cg 481, Cg 823, Cg 52). The instrument governs, and paying the published figure risks underpaying and having the declaration set aside.

Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba: US$282 single, US$481 joint, US$32 per included child (WBN-BES 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31842, in force 1 January 2026).

The 2026 figures follow a euro indexation of 4.4 percent; because the Caribbean amounts are separately re-converted at the exchange rate of 1 July of the preceding year, the local increases were larger, at 13.9 percent for Aruba and the BES and 13.8 percent for Curaçao and Sint Maarten. Do not apply a percentage discount to the BES amounts: the reduction that applies to BES residence-permit charges does not govern nationality fees.

Deadline: if the fee is not paid within six weeks of receipt of the declaration, the declaration is set aside without being handled (Besluit optie- en naturalisatiegelden 2002 art 6). The period is suspended while a request for exemption is pending.

Exemptions: nothing is payable by a person treated as a Netherlander under the Wet betreffende de positie van Molukkers (art 4(1)). The Minister may waive payment for a minor filing independently, or for a person wrongly treated as Dutch for more than a year through official error, but not where the applicant's own fraud or carelessness caused it (arts 4(2) to (4)).

The receiving authority keeps an option fee in full; unlike naturalisation, nothing is remitted centrally (art 7(1)).

Ignore the amounts printed in the consolidated fee decree. That text still shows 2011 base figures, including €168 for a single option, which are not payable.

Nationality is governed Kingdom-wide by the Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap, a Kingdom act resting on art 3(1)(c) of the Statuut voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, which lists nationality among the affairs of the Kingdom. The consolidated text has been in force since 1 October 2023 and carries no amendment since (as of 25 July 2026).

The operative provision is art 6(1)(m), one of seventeen option grounds lettered (a) to (q). It belongs to a derivative family running from (i) to (o) attached to two parent grounds: art 6(1)(i), for a person born before 1 January 1985 to a Dutch mother and a non-Dutch father, and art 6(1)(j), for a person adopted in the Kingdom before 1 January 1985 by a woman who was Dutch when the adoption judgment became final. Ground (m) covers a person recognised by such a parent during minority, with proof of biological paternity - the element that distinguishes it from the ground covering recognition before the age of seven.

The mechanism is in arts 6(1) and 6(3): nationality is acquired through a written confirmation by the authority receiving the declaration, which must confirm where the requirements are met and assesses them on the documents submitted to it. Art 6(2) requires the declaration of solidarity from adults and minors aged 16 or over and bars the confirmation being made known before it is made; art 23(2) fixes its wording. Art 6(4) supplies the sole public-order refusal ground. Art 6(5) sets the 13-week decision period and its single 13-week extension. Art 6(6) governs name-setting; art 6(9) is the one-shot bar; art 21 delegates the designation of competent authorities and art 22 requires a public register.

Procedure is in the Besluit verkrijging en verlies Nederlanderschap, in force since 1 March 2017: art 2 designates receiving authorities, art 3 requires filing in person, arts 6 to 12 govern data, evidence, cross-checking, the public-order investigation, notification of refusal and twelve-year archiving, and art 60a governs handover, its nine-week deadline, its retroactive effect and its one-year lapse. Fees rest on the Besluit optie- en naturalisatiegelden 2002, indexed annually under art 9 and republished each year in the territorial tariff instruments.

Binding policy is the Handleiding Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap 2003, version in force from 1 July 2026, whose section 17.4 supplies the rule that the parent must acquire Dutch nationality first.

A proposal to extend the general naturalisation residence term from five to ten years exists but had not been submitted to parliament as of 25 July 2026. It is not law and does not affect this pathway.

(В таблице доказательств не обнаружено утверждений с тегами маршрутов.)

A refusal to confirm is an ordinary administrative decision. The refusal letter must itself state the deadline for challenging it (Besluit verkrijging en verlies Nederlanderschap art 11(1), in force since 1 March 2017).

In the European Netherlands:

1. Objection (bezwaar) to the same authority, within six weeks of the day after the decision was notified (Algemene wet bestuursrecht arts 6:7 and 6:8), free of charge (art 7:15(1)). You have a right to be heard (art 7:2) and the review is a full reconsideration of the decision, not merely a legality check (art 7:11) - which matters on an evidence-led route, because you can put in material you did not have first time round. The authority decides within six weeks, or twelve where an advisory committee is involved, extendable once by six weeks (art 7:10).
2. Appeal (beroep) to the rechtbank within six weeks; court fee €200 for a natural person in 2026 (art 8:41(2)(b); Stcrt. 2025, 39855, in force 1 January 2026), payable within four weeks of the registrar's notice or the appeal is inadmissible. If you have no residence in the Netherlands, the competent court is that of the seat of the deciding authority (art 8:7(2)).
3. Further appeal (hoger beroep) to the Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State within six weeks; fee €297 for a natural person (art 8:109(1)(b)).

Worst case in court fees, European Netherlands, 2026: €497, excluding legal representation.

Standard of review. On domestic refusal grounds the courts are deferential: the Afdeling has held that very great restraint must be exercised before departing from the applicable policy standards, while accepting that departure is required where only that produces a correct application of the law (ABRvS 20 June 2018, ECLI:NL:RVS:2018:2056).

Outside the European Netherlands the Algemene wet bestuursrecht does not apply and the amounts above do not carry across. Curaçao and Sint Maarten apply their own Landsverordening administratieve rechtspraak: six weeks for objection and for appeal, a court fee of NAf 150 and double that on further appeal to the Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie. Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba apply the Wet administratieve rechtspraak BES: appeal within six weeks to the Gerecht in eerste aanleg, court fee US$84 (arts 16(1) and 17(1), in force since 1 August 2018); the BES objection deadline is not established and should not be assumed to be six weeks. For Aruba the Gemeenschappelijk Hof publishes six-week deadlines and court fees of AWG 25 and AWG 75, on a page written for immigration cases.

Recognition before the seventh birthday. If the deed of recognition predates your seventh birthday, this is not your route: the neighbouring ground applies and it does not require proof of biological paternity. Check the date before building an expensive evidential case.

Recognition after majority. This ground is drafted for recognition during minority. A recognition made after you reached majority falls outside it.

Biological paternity cannot be established. This is the characteristic failure mode of the route. Where paternity was established by a court rather than by recognition, a different ground in the same family applies, and it is worth checking whether the facts fit that one instead.

The parent has not claimed yet. The derivative ground cannot be used until the parent has actually acquired Dutch nationality. Filing first does not reserve your position.

The parent died before claiming. The route is not lost. Where the parent died before being able to acquire Dutch nationality, their compliance with the pre-1985 ground must still be investigated after their death (Handleiding Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap 2003, section 17.4, version in force from 1 July 2026).

You have optated before. Anyone who has at any time acquired Dutch nationality by option may afterwards use only two grounds, neither of which is this one (Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap art 6(9)).

The assessment date. Conditions are judged as at the moment of confirmation, not as at the date of the declaration. Something that changes in between can defeat the claim.

Non-attendance at the ceremony. The confirmation cannot be handed over, so it never takes effect, and one year after the date it bears it lapses by operation of law, with no objection or appeal against the lapse (Besluit verkrijging en verlies Nederlanderschap art 60a(11)). You will normally be summoned again and, if necessary, a third time by registered post. Two carve-outs: the year is suspended while an objection or appeal about the manner of the declaration or of notification is pending, and where the authority failed to send three invitations within the year the decision is treated as handed over in time.

You cannot appear. A written declaration of solidarity is permitted where an oral one cannot reasonably be required, it may be dispensed with entirely where physical or psychological condition prevents it, and representation by written proxy is possible for weighty reasons (arts 60a(5), (6) and (9)).

A criminal record. The rehabilitation period is five years directly preceding the declaration or the decision on it (Handleiding art 9 section 3.9.2; raised from four years with effect from 1 May 2018). Only misdrijven count; overtredingen and matters settled outside the criminal law are disregarded. An open criminal case for a misdrijf on the judicial-records extract is by itself sufficient to establish serious suspicions. There is no VOG in this procedure.

Name. Option does not permit a name change, unlike naturalisation. Where you have no surname or its spelling is unsettled, it is fixed in consultation with you and recorded in the confirmation (art 6(6)).

Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap, consolidated text in force since 1 October 2023, arts 6, 6a, 21, 22 and 23. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0003738/2023-10-01

Statuut voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, arts 1, 2 and 3(1)(c). https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0002154

Besluit verkrijging en verlies Nederlanderschap, in force since 1 March 2017, arts 2, 3, 6 to 12 and 60a. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0013605

Regeling verkrijging en verlies Nederlanderschap, in force since 10 October 2010, on ceremonies and on notification in Caribbean and consular settings. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0013506

Handleiding Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap 2003, binding policy, version in force from 1 July 2026: section 17.4 on sequencing within the pre-1985 grounds; the general commentary on art 6, confirming the absence of any integration requirement and the confinement of the renunciation duty to a single other ground; the commentary on art 9 on good character, the five-year rehabilitation period and the criminal thresholds. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBW33099

Besluit optie- en naturalisatiegelden 2002, consolidated text in force since 1 January 2011, arts 2, 4 to 7 and 9. The amounts printed there are 2011 base amounts and are not payable. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0013782

Besluit WBN 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31825, in force 1 January 2026 (European Netherlands 2026 tariffs). https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stcrt-2025-31825.html With WBN-A 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31841 (Aruba); WBN-CM 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31847 (Curaçao and Sint Maarten); WBN-BES 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31842 (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba).

Algemene wet bestuursrecht, version in force from 1 July 2026, arts 4:15, 4:17 to 4:20, 6:7 to 6:12, 7:1 to 7:15, 8:1 to 8:41 and 8:105 to 8:109. https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0005537

Regeling indexering, Stcrt. 2025, 39855, in force 1 January 2026, setting the 2026 court fees. https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stcrt-2025-39855.html

Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State, 20 June 2018, ECLI:NL:RVS:2018:2056. https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/details?id=ECLI:NL:RVS:2018:2056

IND, Monitor Naturalisatie en Optie 2018-2024, June 2025. https://ind.nl/nl/documenten/07-2025/monitor-naturalisatie-en-optie-2018-2024.pdf