Корректировка модификации CEDAW до 1964 года, связанная с потерей женщин в результате брака

Under the law that preceded the Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap, a Dutch woman lost her Dutch nationality automatically when she married a foreign national. This pathway is for that cohort — and, as it turns out, often more usefully for their children.

The instrument written for exactly this situation is the declaration under RWN art 28. A woman who lost Dutch nationality by, or in connection with, a marriage concluded before the RWN entered into force reacquires it by written declaration followed by confirmation, and the acquisition is retroactive to the date the marriage was dissolved.

Two further points shape everything else. The proportionality-based restoration option is not the answer here: it requires that EU citizenship was lost together with Dutch nationality, and EU citizenship was created only on 1 November 1993. And the children of these women frequently have their own claim — a person born before 1 January 1985 to a Dutch mother and a non-Dutch father has an option ground with no residence requirement at all.

NL-RST-09 охватывает когорту голландских женщин, вышедших замуж за иностранцев до 1964 года, которые автоматически потеряли голландское гражданство в соответствии со статьей 7 Влажного 1892 года. Пути: (1) общее восстановление RWN по статье 28 (12 месяцев hoofdverblijf + историческая связь + хороший характер + чистая иммиграционная история); (2) Мокрая 35859 R2157 EIF 01 апреля 2022 г., статья 6(1)(p) Реставрация в стиле Тьеббса, специально разработанная для этой когорты — EIF вступает в силу 1 апреля 2022 г.; (3) Статья 9(1) КЛДЖ, создающая основу для пропаганды в каждом конкретном случае. Подгруппа до 1964 года более явно находится в рамках модифицированной системы гендерного равенства, чем подгруппа 1964-1985 годов (которая имеет историю переходных процедур по статье 27). Документальные требования: запись о браке до 1964 года + свидетельство о рождении заявителя + документация о приобретении иностранного гражданства + цепочка проживания + 12-месячный hoofdverblijf + декларация о хорошем характере. Обработка 12–18 месяцев для прозрачных влажных коробок 35859 R2157; 18-24 месяца для дел по статье 28. Обжалуемый отказ bezwaar 6w → Rechtbank Den Haag → кассати Хоге Раад.

Основные утверждения с тегами маршрута:

• Женщины, потерявшие голландское гражданство в результате брака с иностранным гражданином до 1964 года: корректирующие меры посредством переходных положений Wet + RWN 1964 года; потомки, имеющие право…
• Ретроактивный объем гендерной коррекции: 1964 г. Влажные частично возмещенные потери женщин в результате брака до 1985 г.; 1985 г. RWN полностью расширена; Контрольный показатель ратификации CEDAW 1991 г.… (контакты = 4, конф = 0,88)

The article 28 declaration. Three elements: you held Dutch nationality; you lost it by or in connection with a marriage; and that marriage was concluded before the RWN entered into force. The declaration must then be made within one year of dissolution of the marriage, or within one year of being able to learn of the dissolution.

If the window has closed, the live alternatives are these.

Option as a former Dutch national. Adult; previously held Dutch nationality or the status of Nederlands onderdaan-niet-Nederlander; and at least one uninterrupted year of toelating voor onbepaalde tijd (admission for an indefinite period) with hoofdverblijf (principal residence) in the Kingdom, accrued as a foreign national and running up to the moment of confirmation. This requires relocating to the Kingdom; it cannot be done from abroad. There is no language or integration requirement for option, and no duty to renounce another nationality on this ground.

Naturalisation. The five-year residence condition does not apply to a former Dutch national (RWN art 8(2)), and a request can be lodged at a Netherlands consular post abroad. Still required: the naturalisation test at CEFR level A2 in all four skills (Besluit naturalisatietoets arts 3(1)(h)(2) and 5(1), in force since 26 May 2022); good character, with a five-year rehabilitation period; the duty to renounce another nationality, subject to four statutory exemptions including marriage to a Dutch national; and the declaration of solidarity.

The children's route. A person born before 1 January 1985 to a Dutch mother and a non-Dutch father has an option ground with no residence requirement, and their own children have derivative grounds. The sequencing rule is strict: the parent must acquire Dutch nationality first, unless the parent died before being able to.

Four things have to be documented, and for this cohort three of them are historical.

Her Dutch nationality before the marriage: her birth certificate, together with an old Dutch passport, a bewijs van Nederlanderschap (certificate of Dutch nationality), a historical population-register extract, or consular records.

The marriage: the marriage certificate, showing the date the marriage was concluded — this is what places the case before or after the RWN's entry into force.

The loss: evidence that the foreign nationality was acquired, or that Dutch nationality was recorded as lost, in connection with the marriage.

The dissolution: the divorce decree, repudiation deed or death certificate, with its date. Under an article 28 declaration this date does double duty — it opens the one-year window and it is the date to which the acquisition is retroactive.

Formalities: foreign documents must be legalised or apostilled at your own cost, and translated by a sworn translator, preferably into Dutch, where they are in a language other than Dutch, English, German or French, with the translation physically attached to the original or certified copy. On Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba only Dutch and English are accepted untranslated. Documents already legalised and processed into the population register need not be produced again unless there is well-founded doubt.

Where a deed cannot be obtained, bewijsnood may be accepted: where such deeds were never drawn up in that country, or were drawn up but the register was lost, supported by a written reasoned statement from the authorities concerned.

One caution: the Handleiding in force since 1 July 2026 directs officials to "the legalisation circular currently in force", but the most recent located version (Stcrt. 2023, 8509) was repealed with effect from 1 January 2024 and no successor could be located as of 25 July 2026.

The declaration under RWN art 28 runs on the ordinary option machinery: art 6(3) to (6) apply to it mutatis mutandis, so the authority that receives the declaration also assesses and decides it, and confirms the acquisition in writing if the conditions are met. The IND is not the decision-maker.

Where to file, in person (Besluit verkrijging en verlies Nederlanderschap arts 2 and 3(1)): with the burgemeester of the municipality where you are registered in the European Netherlands; with the Governor in Aruba, Curacao or Sint Maarten; with the Minister, operationally the IND's Caribbean Netherlands unit, on Bonaire, Sint Eustatius or Saba; or with the Netherlands diplomatic or consular post in whose district you live if you are outside the Kingdom. A proxy is allowed only for compelling reasons.

The declaration is date- and service-stamped on receipt and you are given a copy. Keep that copy: with a one-year filing window, the date of receipt is the fact the whole claim turns on.

On the fee, this evidence base establishes the tariffs for option declarations and naturalisation requests but does not establish whether the art 28 declaration attracts the option tariff. For reference, the 2026 option tariff in the European Netherlands is EUR 241 for a single declarant (WBN 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31825, in force 1 January 2026). Ask the receiving authority what is payable before filing, and note that where a fee is due and is not paid within six weeks of receipt, the declaration is set aside without being handled.

Vesting works differently here in one important respect. As with any option, the confirmation takes effect only when it is physically handed over, in principle at a naturalisation ceremony. But the acquisition is then retroactive to the date the marriage was dissolved — not merely to the date of the document.

This route has two clocks and they do different work. Do not confuse them.

The filing window is a deadline, not a processing time. The article 28 declaration must be made within one year of the dissolution of the marriage, or within one year of the moment the woman could have learned of it. Nothing restarts it. If it has passed, the declaration is simply unavailable and the alternatives under requirements are the only way forward.

The decision period is the ordinary option period, since art 6(3) to (6) apply to an art 28 declaration: 13 weeks from receipt, extendable once by at most 13 weeks, giving a 26-week ceiling (RWN art 6(5)). Where the authority seeks the Minister's advice on renunciation, four further weeks are added (RWN art 6a(6)). The clock does not start on filing — it starts once the fee position is settled and any requested supplementary documents have been supplied. On a positive outcome it ends only when you take receipt of the decision at a ceremony, which is why 26 weeks rather than 13 is the realistic ceiling.

If instead you use naturalisation, the period is one year from the latest of payment, the decision fully waiving payment, or receipt of the requested supplementation, capable of being held twice by six months (RWN art 9(4)). Published performance, for naturalisation only and up to 2024: the average from filing at a municipality to the ceremony was 182 days in 2024, against 344 days in 2018 (IND, Monitor Naturalisatie en Optie 2018-2024, June 2025). No national processing-time series exists for option declarations at all.

Expiry of a decision period confers nothing — there is no silent approval. The remedy is a written notice of default, after which a statutory penalty payment runs from two weeks later, capped at 42 days.

1964 г., влажный + RWN, статья 28 + КЛДЖ

Идентификатор источника	Цитирование
НЛ-SRC-002	—
НЛ-SRC-001	—
НЛ-SRC-062	—
НЛ-SRC-072	—

Количество контактов: 4.

A refusal to confirm the declaration is an ordinary administrative decision, and the refusal letter must itself state the objection deadline.

In the European Netherlands: bezwaar (objection) to the authority that decided — the burgemeester, Governor, Minister or head of post — then beroep to the rechtbank, then hoger beroep to the Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State. Six weeks at each step, running from the day after the decision is notified (Algemene wet bestuursrecht art 6:7). The objection is free (Awb art 7:15(1)); the appeal to the rechtbank costs EUR 200 and the further appeal EUR 297 for an individual under the 2026 schedule (Awb arts 8:41(2)(b) and 8:109(1)(b), set by the regulation of 14 November 2025, Stcrt. 2025, 39855, in force 1 January 2026). The court fee must be paid within four weeks of the registry's notice; proven insolvency excuses it.

The objection stage is a full reconsideration rather than a legality check, and you have a right to be heard. The authority decides within six weeks, or twelve where an advisory committee is involved, extendable once by six weeks (Awb art 7:10).

Outside the European Netherlands the courts and fees differ: appeals go to the Gerecht in eerste aanleg and then the Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie, with first-instance court fees of NAf 150 in Curacao and Sint Maarten, AWG 25 in Aruba and USD 84 in the BES islands. The objection deadline in the BES islands is not established — do not assume six weeks there.

On review intensity: for domestic refusal grounds the Council of State reviews with restraint (20 June 2018, ECLI:NL:RVS:2018:2056); where EU law is engaged, review is intensive (5 February 2025, ECLI:NL:RVS:2025:421).

The window is the whole case. For most women in this cohort the article 28 declaration is already unavailable, because the marriage was dissolved more than a year ago or has not been dissolved at all. Establish the dissolution date before anything else.

The proportionality-based restoration option does not rescue a lapsed claim. It requires that EU citizenship was lost together with Dutch nationality, and EU citizenship was created on 1 November 1993 — every loss in this cohort predates that by decades. Any advice presenting that option as designed for pre-1964 marriage losses is wrong.

Check first whether she lost nationality at all. If the loss is doubtful, the instrument is not an application but a petition under RWN art 17 to have Dutch nationality determined, heard by the rechtbank Den Haag or, for residents of the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom, the Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie. Only cassation to the Hoge Raad lies from it. In 2026 the court fee is the ordinary civil tariff for a petition of unspecified value — EUR 341 for an individual, EUR 93 for a person of limited means (Stcrt. 2025, 39855, in force 1 January 2026). No source expressly classifies this petition, so confirm the amount with the registry.

The children often have the better claim. The option ground for a person born before 1 January 1985 to a Dutch mother and a non-Dutch father carries no residence requirement, which no other route here offers. But the derivative grounds for grandchildren require the parent to acquire Dutch nationality first.

A person married to a Dutch national is exempt from the renunciation duty on naturalisation (RWN art 9(3)(c)), as is a person born in the Netherlands, Aruba, Curacao or Sint Maarten who also has principal residence there at the time of the application.

Nationality vests on handover. Miss the ceremony and the decision lapses by operation of law one year after the date it bears, with no objection or appeal against the lapse.

All instruments were retrieved and read on 25 July 2026.

• Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap (RWN), consolidated text in force since 1 October 2023, unamended since — https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0003738/2023-10-01 (art 28(1)-(3) declaration for the pre-RWN marriage cohort, with art 6(3)-(6) applying mutatis mutandis; art 6(1) option grounds including the pre-1985 maternal-descent family; art 6(5) decision period; art 8(2) residence condition disapplied for former nationals; art 9(3) renunciation exemptions; art 17 status determination)
• Besluit verkrijging en verlies Nederlanderschap, in force since 1 March 2017 — https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0013605 (arts 2 and 3 filing; art 11(1) refusal notice and objection deadline; art 60a vesting on handover)
• Handleiding Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap 2003, version in force since 1 July 2026 — https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBW33099
• Besluit naturalisatietoets, in force since 26 May 2022 — https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0013604
• WBN 2025/3, Stcrt. 2025, 31825, in force 1 January 2026 — 2026 option and naturalisation tariffs, European Netherlands — https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stcrt-2025-31825.html
• Algemene wet bestuursrecht — https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0005537
• Regeling indexering of 14 November 2025, Stcrt. 2025, 39855, in force 1 January 2026 — 2026 court and registry fees — https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stcrt-2025-39855.html
• IND, Monitor Naturalisatie en Optie 2018-2024, June 2025 — https://ind.nl/nl/documenten/07-2025/monitor-naturalisatie-en-optie-2018-2024.pdf
• Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State, 20 June 2018, ECLI:NL:RVS:2018:2056; 5 February 2025, ECLI:NL:RVS:2025:421