Naturalización por origen (descendencia de ciudadanía de tercer grado de uno de los padres)
Ciudadanía en Albania
- Elegibilidad
- La elegibilidad para la ruta de origen es deliberadamente liviana: el conjunto de condiciones más livianas de cualquier ruta de adquisición albanesa. Se deben mostrar dos elementos. (1) vínculo genealógico: el solicitante extranjero debe demostrar un vínculo familiar de línea directa ('vije te drejte') de como máximo tres grados ('deri ne tri shkalle') con un ascendiente ('i paralinduri') que, según la definición de control Neni 2(d), poseía la ciudadanía albanesa ('me shtetesi shqiptare'). El límite de tres grados hace que la relación entre abuelos y nietos sea el alcance exterior; Arbereshe y otras antiguas líneas de la diáspora situadas a más de tres generaciones de distancia quedan fuera de la ruta y, dado que la ciudadanía albanesa como estatus existe sólo desde el Estado albanés de 1912, no se alcanza ninguna línea puramente étnica sin un ascendente ciudadano. (2) condiciones criminales/de seguridad reducidas: por Neni 6(2) el solicitante 'ploteson kriteret e percaktuara ne shkronjat "dh" dhe "e" te pikes 1 te nenit 8' - es decir sólo el artículo 8(1)(dh) (no hay condena definitiva, formes se prere, en el propio estado del solicitante, Albania o cualquier tercer estado, por delitos para los cuales la ley albanesa prescribe 'jo me pak se 3 (tre) vjet heqje lirie', excepto las condenas por motivos políticos) y el artículo 8(1)(e) (no constituye una amenaza al orden público y la seguridad nacional - 'nuk perben kercenim per rendin publik dhe sigurine kombetare'). sin período de residencia, sin permiso de residencia permanente, sin prueba de idioma/historia albanesa, sin ingresos y sin condiciones de vivienda -todos los cuales dan acceso a la naturalización ordinaria según Neni 8(1)(a)-(e)- se aplican a la ruta de origen. Este conjunto cerrado de dos letras (dh + e) es el mismo par de vías cruzadas que el legislador reutiliza para rifitimi (Neni 16) y, a partir del 20.6.2026, la vía matrimonial del artículo 8/a, apartado 4. A partir del 11 de julio de 2026.
- Plazo
- standard
- Renuncia
- No requerida
Resumen
DUAL CITIZENSHIP IS RETAINED AS OF RIGHT. Ligj 113/2020 imposes NO renunciation condition on the origin applicant: Neni 6(2) imports only Art 8(1)(dh) and (e), and nothing in the statute requires surrender of the prior nationality. The constitutional guarantee is Kushtetuta Neni 19 pika 2 - 'Shtetasi shqiptar nuk mund ta humbase shtetesine, pervecse kur ai heq dore prej saj' (an Albanian may lose citizenship only by voluntary renunciation) ( Neni 19 pika 2). This continues the express dual-citizenship lineage of the predecessor Ligj 8389/1998 Neni 3 ('Shtetasi shqiptar mundet te jete edhe shtetas i nje shteti tjeter'), which Ligj 113/2020 carried forward by containing no renunciation clause ( Neni 3). EQUAL FOOTING / NON-DISCRIMINATION: Ligj 113/2020 Neni 3 shkronja c commits to non-discrimination between citizens by birth and those who acquired citizenship under the law ('mosdiskriminimin e shtetasve shqiptare, pavaresisht nese ata jane shtetas qe nga lindja apo e kane fituar shtetesine shqiptare sipas ketij ligji'), so an origin-route citizen holds Albanian nationality on an equal footing. CITIZENSHIP != ETHNICITY: Neni 2 shkronja e defines Albanian citizenship as the stable juridical bond between a person and the Albanian state 'e qe nuk tregon origjinen etnike te personit' (which does NOT indicate the person's ethnic origin), codifying the Constitutional Court's Vendim V-52/11 (1.12.2011), which struck 'kombesia' (ethnicity) from the civil-status register ( Neni 2 shkronja e; Neni 6,). MINORITY / DIASPORA STATUS CONFERS NOTHING: national-minority status under Ligj 96/2017 presupposes Albanian citizenship and grants none, and Ligj 16/2018 'Per diasporen' confers no citizenship pathway - Albania has no overseas-status layer, so this route is citizenship-class (status_class NULL). As of 2026-07-11.
Quién califica
Eligibility for the origin route is deliberately light - the lightest condition set of any Albanian acquisition route. TWO ELEMENTS must be shown. (1) GENEALOGICAL LINK: the foreign applicant must prove a direct-line ('vije te drejte') family link of AT MOST THREE DEGREES ('deri ne tri shkalle') to an ascendant ('i paralinduri') who - on the controlling Neni 2(d) definition - held Albanian citizenship ('me shtetesi shqiptare') ( Neni 6 pika 1 + Neni 2 shkronja d). The three-degree cap makes grandparent-to-grandchild the outer reach; Arbereshe and other old-diaspora lines more than three generations removed fall outside the route, and - since Albanian citizenship as a status has existed only since the Albanian state of 1912 - no purely ethnic line without a citizen ascendant is reached. (2) REDUCED CRIMINAL/SECURITY CONDITIONS: by Neni 6(2) the applicant 'ploteson kriteret e percaktuara ne shkronjat "dh" dhe "e" te pikes 1 te nenit 8' - i.e. ONLY Art 8(1)(dh) (no final, formes se prere, conviction, in the applicant's own state, Albania or any third state, for offences for which Albanian law prescribes 'jo me pak se 3 (tre) vjet heqje lirie', excepting politically-motivated convictions) and Art 8(1)(e) (does not constitute a threat to public order and national security - 'nuk perben kercenim per rendin publik dhe sigurine kombetare') ( Neni 6 pika 2, Neni 8 pika 1 shkronja dh, Neni 8 pika 1 shkronja e;). NO residence period, NO permanent-residence permit, NO Albanian-language/history test, NO income and NO housing condition - all of which gate ordinary naturalization under Neni 8(1)(a)-(e) - apply to the origin route. This closed two-letter set (dh + e) is the same cross-route pair the legislator reuses for rifitimi (Neni 16) and, from 20.6.2026, the marriage route Art 8/a(4). As of 2026-07-11.
Cómo solicitar
The application is a request ('kerkese') addressed to the President of the Republic, and the FILING CHANNEL depends on the window. In W6a (14.10.2020-20.6.2024, original Neni 17) it was lodged with the local responsible State Police structures of the applicant's residence ( Neni 17 pika 1 as enacted). From 21.6.2024 (W6b/W6c), Ligj 77/2023 Neni 6 rewrote Neni 17(1) so the request addressed to the President is 'depozitohen online nepermjet platformes elektronike "e-albania"' ( Ligj 77/2023 Neni 6). DOCUMENTS (Udhezim 65/2021 Kreu I): (a) request to the President; (b) personal and family certificate; (c) 'certifikate apo cdo dokument tjeter mbi bazen e te cilit vertetohet origjina shqiptare e kerkuesit, ne vije te drejte, deri ne tri shkalle, qofte dhe nga njeri prind' - proof of Albanian origin in direct line up to three degrees, even through a single parent; (d) penal certificate from the state of residence; (e) Albanian judicial-status attestation ( Udhezim 65/2021 Kreu I). Foreign documents must each be individually legalized, translated into Albanian and notarized, and be no older than six months - 'Data e leshimit te tyre te mos kaperceje gjashte muajt e fundit' ( Udhezim 65/2021 Kreu VII pika 5). REVIEW CHAIN (Neni 18/20, unchanged W6a-W6c): the local State Police structure runs public-security verifications and forwards the file to the ministry within one month (18(1)); the ministry reviews within six months and forwards a decree proposal (18(3)); the President issues the decree within 60 days of the proposal - 'brenda 60 (gjashtedhjete) diteve.. nxjerr dekretin' (Neni 20 pika 1) - and it is published in Fletorja Zyrtare (20(3)) ( Neni 18, Neni 20). FEE: the operative service fee for a citizenship-acquisition application (with residence in Albania) is 10,000 leke (Udhezim nr. 271, date 1.7.2021, Shtojca 1), issued under Neni 17 pika 3 of Ligj 113/2020. CAVEAT: the joint MoI+MFA documentation instruction ordered by Ligj 77/2023 Neni 8 within 15 days of 21.6.2024 is unlocated, so W6b/W6c document specifics are pinned to the decoded 65/2021 baseline. As of 2026-07-11.
Autoridad competente
DECISION-MAKER: the President of the Republic grants Albanian citizenship by decree - Kushtetuta Neni 92 shkronja c ('jep shtetesine shqiptare') operationalized by Ligj 113/2020 Neni 20, which fixes the 60-day decree deadline and Fletorja Zyrtare publication ( Neni 92 shkronja c; Neni 20;). PROPOSING / REVIEWING AUTHORITY: the responsible structure for citizenship matters within the Ministry of the Interior (Ministria e Brendshme) reviews the file within six months and forwards the decree proposal to the President (Neni 18 pika 3) ( Neni 18). INTAKE / VERIFICATION: in W6a the local responsible State Police structures ('strukturat vendore pergjegjese te Policise se Shtetit') of the applicant's residence took the request and ran public-security verifications, forwarding within one month (Neni 17(1) as enacted, Neni 18(1)); from 21.6.2024 intake moved online to e-Albania while the State Police verification role continues ( Neni 17, Neni 18,). MINISTRY FOR EUROPE AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS (MEPJ): handles consular intake for abroad-filed matters and is co-author, with the Interior minister, of the joint documentation udhezim mandated by Ligj 77/2023 Neni 8 (unlocated - ) ( Ligj 77/2023 Neni 8). OATH OFFICER: the MAYOR ('kryetari i bashkise') of the municipality of residence administers the loyalty oath (Neni 21) ( Neni 21). JUDICIAL REVIEW: the Administrative Court of First Instance Tirana hears appeals against a non-acceptance act (Neni 19/1, from 21.6.2024) ( Ligj 77/2023 Neni 7). REGISTER: the special statistical register format is set by Udhezim 66/4.2.2021 (Neni 20 pika 4;). As of 2026-07-11.
Sources
PRIMARY TEXTS (decoded verbatim; native-language pins).: Ligj nr. 113/2020 'Per shtetesine', Fletorja Zyrtare 2020/174 (EIF 14.10.2020) - the operative base statute (Neni 2 shkronjat d/e, Neni 4, Neni 6, Neni 8(1)(dh)/(e), Neni 16, Neni 17, Neni 18, Neni 20, Neni 21, Neni 22, Neni 25).: Kushtetuta e Republikes se Shqiperise, consolidated (Neni 19 pika 2 dual-citizenship guarantee; Neni 92 shkronja c presidential grant power).: Ligj nr. 77/2023, FZ 2024/95 (EIF 21.6.2024) - amended Neni 17 (e-Albania online filing), added Neni 19/1 (administrative-court appeal), Neni 8 (joint MoI+MFA instruction mandate).: Udhezim nr. 65, date 4.2.2021 - origin documentation (Kreu I a-e; Kreu VII pika 5 legalization / <=6-month rule);: Udhezim 197/12.4.2021 amending it.: Udhezim nr. 271, date 1.7.2021 - service tariffs (10,000 leke for a citizenship-acquisition application, Shtojca 1);: Udhezim 66/4.2.2021 (statistical-register format).: Ligj 8389/1998 (predecessor; Neni 3 dual-citizenship lineage; Neni 9 two-degree origin residence reduction).: VKM 554/3.7.2013 (repealed ethnic/self-declaration, Kosovo-excluding procedure).: Ligj 49/2026, FZ 2026/116 (EIF 20.6.2026; Art 8(3) repealed, Art 8/a marriage added, Art 9 restructured).: Ligj 10129/2009 (civil status; V-52/11 kombesia footprint). EVIDENCE ASSERTIONS reduced into this route: /009/010/011/012/013/014/015/016/017/033/035/044/096/097/098/099/103/111/112/113/115. All statutory quotes verified verbatim against the in-file decoded primaries. Not legal advice; verify current document requirements with the responsible State Police structures / e-Albania before reliance. As of 2026-07-11.
Escenarios de ejemplo
Los escenarios de ejemplo se muestran en inglés.
nationality: Kosovar (Republic of Kosovo citizen)
ELIGIBLE by origin under this route (Neni 6). A proven direct-line link within three degrees to an Albanian-citizen ascendant qualifies; no residence, permit, or language test — only the Art 8(1)(dh)+(ë) integrity conditions. Acquisition by presidential decree.
Ligj 113/2020 Neni 6 grants citizenship by origin where a direct-line link of at most THREE degrees to an ascendant HOLDING Albanian citizenship is proven (Art 2(d)). The grandfather (two degrees) held Albanian citizenship, so the link is satisfied. The origin route imports ONLY Art 8(1)(dh) (no final conviction for an offence carrying ≥3 years under Albanian law, save politically-motivated ones) and (ë) (no threat to public order/national security) — no residence period, no permanent-residence permit, no language/history test. Since the 14.10.2020 repeal of VKM 554/2013 there is no ethnic or Kosovo-preferential track: a Kosovo citizen qualifies only through an Albanian-CITIZEN ascendant, like any foreigner. Grant is by presidential decree within 60 days of the ministry proposal (Art 20(1)). As of 2026-07-06.
nationality: Italian (Arbëresh community)
NOT eligible under this route. The three-degree direct-line cap cannot reach ancestors more than three generations removed, and the ascendant must in any case be one who held Albanian (state) citizenship — impossible for a pre-1912 line. No separate old-diaspora/ethnic mode exists.
Arbëreshë fall OUTSIDE the Neni 6 origin route on two independent grounds: (1) the Art 2(d)/Art 6(1) direct-line cap of THREE degrees cannot reach ancestors many generations back; (2) the ascendant must be one 'me shtetësi shqiptare', and an Albanian state existed only from 1912, so a 15th–18th-century ancestor could never have held Albanian citizenship. The Neni 4 enumeration is exhaustive and contains no separate ethnic or old-diaspora acquisition mode. As of 2026-07-06.
nationality: American (US citizen)
ELIGIBLE by origin under this route (Neni 6): the grandmother HELD Albanian citizenship, so the two-degree direct-line link to a citizen ascendant is satisfied, regardless of the later deprivation. Distinct from the grandmother's own reacquisition route (Neni 16 rifitimi).
The origin route requires a direct-line link within three degrees to an ascendant who held Albanian citizenship (Art 2(d)). The grandmother was an Albanian citizen before the communist-era deprivation, so she qualifies as the citizen ascendant; the descendant meets Neni 6 subject only to Art 8(1)(dh)+(ë), with no residence or language condition. This is the route-alternative the documentation flags: the FORMER CITIZEN personally would use Neni 16 reacquisition (rifitimi), whereas her DESCENDANT uses the Neni 6 origin route. Grant is by presidential decree (Art 20). As of 2026-07-06.
nationality: Argentine (US/LatAm diaspora line)
NOT eligible under this route. The direct-line link exceeds three degrees, so the Neni 6 origin route is unavailable; and no intervening parent held Albanian citizenship to open a Neni 5 descent line.
Art 2(d)/Neni 6(1) cap the qualifying direct-line link at THREE degrees to an ascendant with Albanian citizenship. A great-great-grandfather is four degrees removed, beyond the cap — the boundary case. Because no parent or grandparent within the line held Albanian citizenship, neither the Neni 5 birth-descent route (which needs a citizen PARENT; AL-DSC-01) nor Neni 6 is available. The Neni 4 enumeration offers no alternative ancestral mode. As of 2026-07-06.
nationality: German (of Albanian-citizen descent)
NOT eligible under this route as things stand: the origin route imports Art 8(1)(dh), and a final conviction for a ≥3-year offence (non-political) bars the grant. The descent link is otherwise sound.
Even where the three-degree citizen-ascendant link is clearly met, the Neni 6 origin route requires satisfaction of Art 8(1)(dh) — no final conviction, in one's own state, Albania, or any third state, for offences carrying ≥3 years under Albanian law, save politically-motivated convictions — and (ë), no threat to public order/national security. A qualifying non-political conviction fails (dh), so the President's decree would not issue. (Had the father held Albanian citizenship at the applicant's birth, the applicant would already be Albanian vetiu under Neni 5/AL-DSC-01, where no integrity condition applies — but the facts here present an origin-route applicant.) As of 2026-07-06.
Resumen informativo recopilado a partir de fuentes legales primarias: no es asesoramiento jurídico. La ley de ciudadanía cambia; verifica con la autoridad competente antes de actuar. Verificado por última vez el 2026-07-25.
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