Ciudadanía por descendencia — nacido en el extranjero (ЗБГ Art. 8 ex lege; Art. 39 certificado declarativo)
Ciudadanía en Bulgaria
- Elegibilidad
- Un niño nacido en el extranjero de ≥1 padre ciudadano búlgaro es búlgaro desde su nacimiento antes de чл. 8 (ex lege); no hay 'registro para adquirir' ni fecha límite para la adquisición — чл. 39 sólo certifica el estado preexistente. Las cadenas anteriores a 1999 se interpretan en función de la ley de linaje específica de la época vigente en cada nacimiento (КС № 12/1996, regla del momento del nacimiento), con la ley de 1968 чл. 6 asimetría de transmisión relevante para los nacimientos en el extranjero antes de las enmiendas de 1986/1989.
- Plazo
- Acquisition itself is instantaneous and retroactive to the moment of birth (ex lege; no waiting period). For the чл. 39 establishment certificate, the statutory service term is ONE MONTH (едномесечен срок) from a complete filing (Наредба № 1 чл. 15 framework; ЗБГ чл. 39 references a 30-day issuance). Real-world end-to-end time for persons abroad is materially longer because documents must be gathered, legalised/apostilled and translated, and (for filings via a Bulgarian municipality or diplomatic/consular mission) forwarded ex officio to the Ministry of Justice; where the parental link must be established by чл. 9 court action, add ordinary civil-litigation duration. Certificate validity is 1 year. As of IISDA service 1421/20082, 2026.
- Tasa oficial
- 127,82 €
- Renuncia
- No requerida
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Resumen
BG-DSC-02 е route-ът за гражданство по произход на лица, родени в чужбина. Дете, родено извън България, на което поне единият родител е български гражданин в момента на раждането, придобива българско гражданство по право (ex lege) по силата на чл. 8 ЗБГ — точно както дете, родено на територията на страната. Мястото на раждане е правно ирелевантно за придобиването по произход; няма стъпка 'регистрация за придобиване' и няма срок за придобиване в ЗБГ. Това, което лицата, родени в чужбина, използват, е декларативната процедура по чл. 39 ЗБГ + чл. 15 Наредба № 1/1999, при която Министерството на правосъдието издава удостоверение за гражданство, удостоверяващо вече съществуващия статут. As of ЗБГ ДВ бр. 61/29.07.2025.
Quién califica
Nacimiento en el extranjero de un padre búlgaro: la misma regla sustantiva del artículo 8 (jus sanguinis automático en el momento del nacimiento), pero requiere un registro PROCEDIMIENTO ante las autoridades de BG para que la ciudadanía tenga efectos documentales. Acta de nacimiento de jurisdicción extranjera traducida/legalizada (apostilla según la Convención de La Haya de 1961 O legalización consular).
Requisitos
There is NO residence requirement for acquisition by descent. Чл. 8 ЗБГ confers citizenship by origin ex lege at birth without any residence, domicile, or physical-presence condition on either the child or the parent, and without any 'born-abroad must register/reside within X years' sunset. This sharply distinguishes BG-DSC-02 from the naturalisation buckets, where чл. 12(1) т. 2 requires 5 years of permanent/long-term residence (3 years for eased чл. 13/чл. 15 categories). For the чл. 39 establishment certificate, filing is channelled through the municipality of the applicant's permanent address / last domestic residence, or through a Bulgarian diplomatic/consular mission abroad — but this is a procedural filing channel, not a substantive residence condition. As of ЗБГ ДВ бр. 61/29.07.2025; Наредба № 1 чл. 15.
Documentos
За удостоверението по чл. 39 ЗБГ / чл. 15 Наредба № 1 (заявление Приложение № 5): препис от акт за раждане или дубликат на удостоверение за раждане; документ за датата и начина на напускане на страната (when applicable); документ за промяна на имената (if applicable); фотокопие на документ за самоличност; документ за придобито чуждо гражданство (if any); препис от акт за смърт (if the person is deceased); 2 бр. актуални снимки паспортен формат; вносна бележка за внесена държавна такса. To evidence the descent chain: the ascendant's birth/marriage certificates, old Bulgarian passports/ID/military books, and where civil records are missing, a чл. 9 court action. Foreign documents must be legalised (1961 Apostille Convention or applicable treaty) and accompanied by a certified Bulgarian translation. As of IISDA service 1421/20082, 2026.
Cómo solicitar
La misión diplomática de BG en el extranjero procesa el registro consular → ГРАО registro centralizado → МП verificación + удостоверение за гражданство. Plazo típico de 30 a 90 días.
Plazos
Acquisition is instantaneous and retroactive to the moment of birth — there is no waiting period because citizenship vests ex lege. For the чл. 39 establishment certificate, the statutory service term is ONE MONTH (едномесечен срок) from a complete filing (Наредба № 1 чл. 15; чл. 39 references a 30-day issuance). The realistic end-to-end timeline for persons abroad is materially longer, driven by document collection, apostille/legalisation, certified translation, and (for municipality- or consular-channel filings) the ex-officio forwarding to the MoJ. If filiation must be established by чл. 9 court action, ordinary civil-litigation duration is added before the establishment certificate can issue. The certificate itself is valid for 1 year. As of IISDA 1421/20082, 2026.
Tasas y costos
Държавната такса за издаване на удостоверение за гражданство по чл. 39 ЗБГ е 250 лв. / 127,82 €, повишена от 50 на 250 лв. считано от 01.07.2025 г. (ПМС № 104 от 25.06.2025 г., ДВ бр. 52/2025; Тарифа № 1 към ЗДТ, раздел 'Г' МП). Плаща се на Министерството на правосъдието (IBAN BG09 BNBG 9661 3000 1737 01, BIC BNBGBGSD, БНБ). Euro values follow the fixed changeover rate 1 EUR = 1.95583 BGN (euro changeover 01.01.2026). Additional non-state costs: apostille/legalisation and certified Bulgarian translation of each foreign document; where descent is established by чл. 9 court action, court and attorney costs apply. As of ДВ бр. 52/2025 and IISDA 1421/20082, 2026.
Base jurídica
Recent enacted changes touching this route: (a) чл. 39 establishment-certificate state fee raised from 50 to 250 BGN effective 01.07.2025 (ПМС № 104/25.06.2025, ДВ бр. 52/2025) — a ~5× increase within a broader 2025 MoJ tariff hike (the first since 2007); (b) the ЗБГ was consolidated to ДВ бр. 61/29.07.2025; (c) the euro changeover took effect 01.01.2026 (1 EUR = 1.95583 BGN), so fees are now expressed in EUR with BGN equivalents; (d) Наредба № 1 чл. 15 was amended through ДВ бр. 50/2021 (procedural updates, молба→заявление). The substantive чл. 8 descent rule itself remains UNAMENDED since 1998. The 2023 dual-citizen liberalisation (чл. 65(1) MP eligibility, ДВ бр. 106/2023) is political-office only and does not change descent acquisition. As of 2026-06-13.
Autoridad competente
Министерството на правосъдието (Ministry of Justice) is the competent authority that issues the чл. 39 удостоверение за гражданство from its citizenship registers; no presidential decree is involved because nothing is being granted (acquisition is ex lege). The municipality of permanent address / last domestic residence is the intake and forwarding body for domestic-channel filings (Наредба № 1 чл. 15(3)); Bulgarian diplomatic and consular missions are the intake body for filings abroad, forwarding through the Министерство на външните работи (MFA). Where descent must be established under чл. 9, the competent forum is the ordinary civil court. For the distinct чл. 15 ethnic-origin facilitated-naturalisation route the relevant agency is the State Agency for Bulgarians Abroad (now ИАБЧ, formerly ДАБЧ) — this is NOT part of the чл. 8 descent route. As of 2026.
Exceptions & edge cases
Dual nationality is permitted at the citizen level. Чл. 3 ЗБГ provides that a Bulgarian citizen who is also a foreign national is treated as a Bulgarian citizen for the purposes of Bulgarian law unless otherwise provided, so a person born abroad with another nationality keeps that nationality alongside Bulgarian citizenship by descent. Bulgaria is a PARTY to the European Convention on Nationality (ECN, ratified 02.02.2006, with 4 reservations), which accommodates multiple nationality. Const. чл. 25(3) further guarantees that a citizen by birth — which чл. 8 descent is — cannot be deprived of citizenship. Note the political-office carve-outs: the President must be a citizen by birth with no other citizenship (чл. 93(2), amended ДВ бр. 106/2023), and only since 2023 may a dual-citizen be elected MP (чл. 65(1), нова ДВ бр. 106/2023) — but neither affects acquisition or retention of descent citizenship. As of Const. ДВ бр. 66/06.08.2024; ЗБГ ДВ бр. 61/2025.
Escenarios de ejemplo
Los escenarios de ejemplo se muestran en inglés.
Eligible
Чл. 8 ЗБГ confers Bulgarian citizenship by origin ex lege on anyone with at least one Bulgarian-citizen parent; the rule is gender-neutral and place-of-birth-blind, so birth abroad through a Bulgarian mother qualifies. The child is Bulgarian from birth; чл. 39 certifies the status. [, /042 T1] As of ЗБГ ДВ бр. 61/2025.
Eligible
There is no registration step, no residence requirement, no language test and no acquisition deadline for чл. 8 descent; the person has been Bulgarian since birth in 1995 (КС № 12/1996 birth-moment rule, father a Bulgarian citizen then). The чл. 39 certificate is declaratory and may be obtained at any time. [, /043 T1] As of ЗБГ ДВ бр. 61/2025.
Not eligible
Чл. 8 requires a parent who WAS A BULGARIAN CITIZEN at the moment of birth, not merely a parent of Bulgarian ethnic origin. An ethnically Bulgarian but non-citizen father cannot transmit citizenship by descent. The correct route for the family is чл. 15 facilitated naturalisation by Bulgarian origin (HIS-01), distinct from this descent route per Const. чл. 25(1) vs 25(2). [, BG-OVL-030; /001 T1] As of ЗБГ ДВ бр. 61/2025.
Conditional
Substantively the person may be within чл. 8 if the Bulgarian father's paternity is legally established, but the filiation is not on the civil record. Eligibility is therefore conditional on establishing descent via чл. 9 — acknowledgment (припознаване) by the Bulgarian citizen or a court decision — after which the чл. 39 certificate can issue. [, чл. 9; T1] As of ЗБГ ДВ бр. 61/2025.
Not eligible
Under the КС № 12/1996 birth-moment rule, citizenship by descent depends on the parent's status AT THE MOMENT OF THE CHILD'S BIRTH. A parent who had already lost Bulgarian citizenship by renunciation in 2005 was not a Bulgarian citizen in 2008, so чл. 8 does not apply. The child has no descent claim (the family would need a separate route). [, T1] As of ЗБГ ДВ бр. 61/2025.
Eligible
Чл. 8 contains no generational cap on its face; transmission continues so long as, at each birth, at least one parent was a Bulgarian citizen and the chain is documentable. Here the parent is a Bulgarian citizen (status confirmed by their own чл. 39 certificate), so the 2022 grandchild acquires by чл. 8 ex lege. The 'limit' is evidentiary, not legal. [, /042 T1] As of ЗБГ ДВ бр. 61/2025.
Resumen informativo recopilado a partir de fuentes legales primarias: no es asesoramiento jurídico. La ley de ciudadanía cambia; verifica con la autoridad competente antes de actuar. Verificado por última vez el 2026-06-14.
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