Reanudación de la ciudadanía (artículo 11)

CA-RST-01 es la ruta de Reanudación de la ciudadanía según la sección 11(1) de la Ley de Ciudadanía, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-29. Es la vía legal por la cual un EX ciudadano canadiense que perdió o renunció a la ciudadanía puede recuperarla. Es conceptualmente distinto de una concesión de naturalización por primera vez (s.5(1), ruta CA-NAT-01): la reanudación presupone que el solicitante era ciudadano en algún momento anterior. La sección 11(1) está redactada en un lenguaje obligatorio (“el Ministro CONCEDERÁ”), por lo que, una vez que se cumplan las condiciones enumeradas y no se aplique ninguna prohibición, la concesión no es discrecional. Las dos puertas de entrada prácticas son (1) restablecer el estatus de residente permanente (PR) y (2) acumular al menos 365 días de presencia física en Canadá en los 2 años anteriores a la solicitud. El IRCC administra la reanudación a través de su flujo de solicitudes dedicado 'Reanudar la ciudadanía canadiense', procesado en el Centro de Procesamiento de Casos en Sydney, Nueva Escocia. A partir del 1 de junio de 2026, la ruta es estable y no fue alterada sustancialmente por el Proyecto de Ley C-3 (S.C. 2025, c. 5); En cambio, C-3 amplió quiénes son restaurados automáticamente por operación de la ley (ver CA-HIS-03/HIS-04), lo que puede reducir la población que necesita la reanudación de la sección 11.

To resume citizenship under s.11(1), an applicant must satisfy ALL of the following as of 2026-06-01: (1) be a FORMER Canadian citizen (the route does not exist for someone who was never a citizen — that person uses s.5(1) naturalization, CA-NAT-01); (2) have become a permanent resident again under IRPA (re-immigration is a precondition — s.11(1)(d)); (3) since ceasing to be a citizen, have been physically present in Canada for at least 365 days within the 2 years immediately before the application date; (4) have met any applicable Income Tax Act filing requirement for one taxation year within that period; (5) not be subject to a revocation order/decision/declaration, a former-Act s.18 order, or a s.20 GiC declaration; and (6) not be under a removal order or barred by the s.22 prohibitions (criminality/security). Because s.11(1) uses 'shall', meeting every condition makes the grant mandatory, subject only to the prohibitions. There is no language test, no knowledge (citizenship) test, and no second oath for ordinary s.11 resumption — those s.5(1) requirements do not appear in s.11.

IRCC processes resumption through its 'Resume Canadian citizenship' stream (application package available on the canada.ca resume pages). The applicant assembles: the completed resumption application form for the relevant adult or minor stream; proof of PRIOR Canadian citizenship and the manner/date it was lost (e.g., a certificate of renunciation, or records showing pre-1977 loss on foreign naturalization); proof of CURRENT permanent-resident status (PR card / Confirmation of Permanent Residence); evidence of physical presence in Canada for at least 365 days in the 2 years before the application (travel history, entry/exit records, the IRCC physical-presence support material); proof of having met any Income Tax Act filing requirement for one taxation year within that period; two photos meeting IRCC specifications; and the fee receipt. Where the applicant is a minor or an authorized representative applies, additional consent/authorization documents are required. Documents not in English or French must be accompanied by a certified translation. Exact form numbers and the current checklist must be taken from the live IRCC resume-citizenship pages at the time of application, as IRCC updates packages periodically.

The ordinary s.11 resumption pathway runs: (1) RE-IMMIGRATE — re-establish permanent-resident status under IRPA if it was lost (a separate immigration process that must conclude first); (2) ACCUMULATE PRESENCE — be physically present in Canada at least 365 days within the 2 years immediately before applying, and meet the one-year Income Tax Act filing requirement where applicable; (3) ASSEMBLE the resumption application package and pay the fee; (4) SUBMIT to IRCC (processed at the Case Processing Centre in Sydney, Nova Scotia); (5) IRCC reviews eligibility, confirms no s.11(1)(b)/(b.1)/(c) bar and no s.22 prohibition; (6) on approval the Minister grants resumption — because s.11(1) is mandatory ('shall'), approval follows once conditions are met and no prohibition exists. For adults a citizenship certificate is issued; an oath is administered to those 14 and over per IRCC practice where required. Unlike first naturalization, there is no language test and no knowledge test step. Urgent processing may be requested in qualifying circumstances. Note the re-immigration step (1) is often the longest and is governed by IRPA, not the Citizenship Act.

IRCC does not always publish a separate posted processing-time figure for resumption; the resumption application is handled by the Case Processing Centre in Sydney, Nova Scotia, and applicants should consult the live IRCC 'Check processing times' tool for the resume-citizenship line at the time of filing. For context, the adult citizenship GRANT (s.5(1)) posted processing time was about 13 months against a 12-month service standard in IRCC's 2026-27 Departmental Plan; resumption is a lower-volume stream and its timeline is tracked separately. CRITICAL TEMPORAL CAVEAT: the live IRCC processing-time widget returned a load error at fetch on 2026-06-01, so any month-count figure must be re-read same-day from the IRCC processing-times tool before being relied upon. The single largest time component for many applicants is NOT the citizenship processing itself but the prior RE-IMMIGRATION to permanent residence required by s.11(1)(d), which runs on separate IRPA timelines. No processing-time figure should be hard-cited in client advice without a same-day widget read.

A partir del 1 de junio de 2026, la tarifa del IRCC para REANUDAR la ciudadanía es de 530,00 CAD para un adulto (de 18 años o más) y de 100,00 CAD para una persona menor de 18 años, según la lista de tarifas de ciudadanía e inmigración del IRCC (fecha de modificación del 30 de abril de 2026). Estas tarifas de reanudación son distintas de la SUBVENCIÓN de naturalización de adultos por un total de CAD 653,00 (que es CAD 530 de procesamiento más la tarifa de derecho de ciudadanía de CAD 123). La tasa por el derecho a la ciudadanía, que aumentó a CAD 123,00 a partir del 31 de marzo de 2026, se aplica a las concesiones de ciudadanía; la línea de currículum-ciudadanía en la lista de tarifas del IRCC se indica como 530,00 CAD (mayores de 18 años) y 100,00 CAD (menores de 18 años). Los solicitantes también deben presupuestar los costos separados, y a menudo mayores, de la reinmigración previa a la residencia permanente (tarifas de procesamiento de IRPA y la tarifa del derecho de residencia permanente), que se rigen por la lista de tarifas de inmigración, no por la de ciudadanía. Todas las cifras de tarifas deben volver a confirmarse con la lista de tarifas vigente del IRCC en el momento de la solicitud, porque las tarifas se indexan anualmente según la Ley de Tarifas de Servicio.

La disposición de control es la sección 11 (1) de la Ley de Ciudadanía, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-29. Su cadena de procedencia es R.S. 1985, c. C-29; 2005, c. 17; 2008, c. 14; 2014, c. 22; y 2017, c. 14, art. 7. El artículo 11(1) establece que el Ministro DEBERÁ conceder la ciudadanía a una persona que la solicite y: (b) no esté sujeta a una orden/decisión/declaración de revocación o a una orden anterior del artículo 18 de la Ley; (b.1) no está sujeto a una declaración del Gobernador en Consejo conforme a la sección 20; (c) no está bajo una orden de deportación y no está sujeto a una declaración de seguridad/criminalidad; y (d) se ha convertido en residente permanente y, desde que dejó de ser ciudadano, ha estado físicamente presente en Canadá durante al menos 365 días durante los 2 años inmediatamente anteriores a la solicitud y ha cumplido con cualquier requisito de presentación de la Ley del Impuesto sobre la Renta aplicable para un año fiscal dentro de ese período. La antigua cláusula de 'intención de residir' en el artículo 11(1)(e) fue DEROGADA por S.C. 2017, c. 14, art. 7 (Proyecto de ley C-6). La presencia-sustitución de las Fuerzas Armadas Canadienses se encuentra en la sección 11(1.1)/(1.2). La elección separada para corregir el género según la sección 11(2) es una ruta DIFERENTE (CA-RST-02), no ésta. 'Tribunal' para cualquier revisión significa el Tribunal Federal (definición del artículo 2(1)).

The decision-maker for s.11 resumption is the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, acting through IRCC officers under delegated authority; applications are administered at the Case Processing Centre in Sydney, Nova Scotia. Because s.11(1) is cast in mandatory terms ('the Minister SHALL grant'), the officer's role is to verify that each statutory condition is met and that no prohibition (s.11(1)(b)/(b.1)/(c) or s.22) applies — it is not a discretionary, weighing-of-factors grant in the way the s.5(4) special grant is. This makes resumption an entitlement-style decision once the gateways (former citizen, PR status, 365 days/2 years presence, tax filing, no bar) are satisfied. Citizenship is an exclusively federal jurisdiction under s.91(25) of the Constitution Act, 1867 ('Naturalization and Aliens'); no province (including Quebec) grants or resumes citizenship. There is no provincial role in a resumption decision.

There is no statutory administrative appeal tribunal for a citizenship resumption refusal; the avenue is judicial review in the Federal Court (the s.2(1) definition of 'Court' is the Federal Court), brought under the Federal Courts Act framework. The governing standard of review is presumptive REASONABLENESS, per Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v. Vavilov, 2019 SCC 65, [2019] 4 SCR 653, which sets the administrative-law framework for review of IRCC and Ministerial citizenship decisions; correctness is reserved for limited categories such as constitutional questions and general questions of law of central importance. Because s.11(1) is mandatory, the live issues on review of a resumption refusal are typically whether a statutory condition (former-citizen status, PR status, the 365-days/2-years presence, tax filing) was met and whether a prohibition was correctly applied, rather than the exercise of broad discretion. Notably, Vavilov itself arose in a citizenship-certificate context, making it directly apposite to citizenship-status decisions.

Canada permits dual (and multiple) citizenship without restriction, and has done so since 15 February 1977, the commencement of the Citizenship Act (S.C. 1974-75-76, c. 108). Resumption under s.11 therefore does NOT require the applicant to renounce any foreign nationality, and a resumed Canadian citizen may lawfully retain their other citizenship(s). This is a meaningful contrast with the pre-1977 regime under the 1947 Canadian Citizenship Act, under which a Canadian who voluntarily acquired a foreign nationality generally lost Canadian citizenship automatically — the very mechanism that produced some of today's resumption candidates. The current Act contains no provision requiring renunciation of a foreign citizenship as a condition of resumption. Applicants should, however, separately verify whether their OTHER country of nationality restricts dual citizenship, because resuming Canadian status could have consequences under that other country's law — a matter outside Canadian jurisdiction and requiring that country's legal advice.