Jus Sanguinis 1a Generación — Hijos de Mexicanos por Nacimiento (CPEUM Art 30 A II)

This is the foundational jus sanguinis route for Mexico, conferring nationality by birth on persons born abroad to at least one Mexican parent. The route encompasses both the pre-2021 and post-2021 versions of CPEUM Art 30 Apartado A fracción II, as the 2021 reform constitutes the most significant expansion of Mexican jus sanguinis in the modern era.

Pre-2021 (operative 1934-2021): Children born abroad to Mexican parents qualified for nationality by birth, but SCJN Second Chamber jurisprudence (Contradicción de Tesis 212/2019, tesis 2a./J. 167/2019) applied strict construction to multi-generational claims, creating uncertainty about whether grandchildren and more distant descendants could claim through an unbroken chain.

Post-2021 (operative 2021-05-18 to present): CPEUM Art 30 A II was amended by Decreto DOF 2021-05-17 (EIF 2021-05-18), promulgated by President AMLO on 2021-05-14, following the unanimous approval by the Congreso Constituyente Permanente. The initiative was introduced by Senadora Olga Sánchez Cordero (2018-09-11). The amendment eliminated the requirement that the transmitting Mexican parent themselves be born in Mexican territory, opening unlimited generational jus sanguinis for the entire Mexican diaspora.

The verbatim post-2021 text: "II. Los que nazcan en el extranjero, hijos de padres mexicanos, de madre mexicana o de padre mexicano." The phrase "sea cual fuere el lugar de nacimiento de los padres" — whatever the place of birth of the parents — is the operative expansion that enables multi-generational transmission.

The cascade- "Gran Nación Mexicana Transterritorial" directly names the conceptual anchor: approximately 37 million Mexican-Americans in the United States plus approximately 12 million Mexicans currently residing abroad can potentially benefit from this reform, spanning multiple generations of diaspora.

• Born outside Mexican territory
• At least one parent is mexicano/a por nacimiento (under the corresponding Art 30 A I, II, III, or IV provision)
• Post-2021: the parent's place of birth is irrelevant — any Mexican parent regardless of whether they were born in Mexico or abroad
• No residence requirement for the child
• No age limit for claiming the right (lifetime availability via SINNA portal or consulate)

MX eligibility framework (DSC): bucket-specific anchored in CPEUM Art 30 (Apartado A jus soli + Apartado B jus sanguinis) + Ley de Nacionalidad 1998 (DOF 1998-01-23, última reforma DOF 2012-04-23) + Reglamento DOF 2009-06-17 (Calderón). Constitutional ceiling CPEUM Art 30/32/37. DSC eligibility: CPEUM Art 30 Apartado A fracción II (Mexican parent born in Mexico) + fracción III (Mexican parent born outside Mexico — multi-generational Art 30 reform DOF 2021-05-17 Sheinbaum-era). Operative since 1934-01-18 reform (Apartado A current architecture); 1969/1974/1997 reforms progressively eliminated gender asymmetries.

1. Apply via SINNA portal (sinna.sre.gob.mx) online, or in person at SRE-DGAJ (CDMX) or any of the 50+ consulates abroad
2. Documents required: applicant's foreign birth certificate (apostilla waived since DOF junio 2024 reform), parent's acta de nacimiento or Certificado de Nacionalidad Mexicana (DNN-1), parental identification (passport or INE)
3. SRE-DGAJ issues DNN-1 subcategory B; processing 1 día hábil; tarifa 2025-26: MXN 2,475
4. Multi-generational chains: each generation must provide documentary proof tracing back to a Mexican par nacimiento ancestor; SCJN tesis 2a./J. 167/2019 strict-construction approach for evidentiary chains remains relevant even though the territorial-birth requirement was eliminated

Filing authorities: SRE-DGAJ; SRE Dirección General de Servicios Consulares (50+ consulates); SINNA portal sinna.sre.gob.mx. MX procedure (descent — jus sanguinis): (1) Birth abroad to Mexican parent — SRE consular registration (Doble Nacionalidad procedure DNN-1 trámite SRE-02-013-D); (2) acta de nacimiento consular issuance + CURP assignment by RENAPO; (3) for multi-generational Art 30 reform DOF 2021-05-17 — second-generation-abroad eligibility verification via SRE-DGAJ; (4) Italian-Mexican dual-track cohort (Italian Legge 74/2025 cross-border interaction); (5) Carta de Naturalización NOT required (descent is automatic per CPEUM Art 30 Apartado A fracción II-III).

• Primary statute: CPEUM Art 30 Apartado A fracción II (REFORMADO DOF 2021-05-17, EIF 2021-05-18)
• Implementing statute: Ley de Nacionalidad 1998 Art 6
• Regulation: Reglamento DOF 2009-06-17 Cap II, Art 16 (documentary chain)
• Documentary procedure: DNN-1 subcategory B (nacidos en extranjero hijos mex por nacimiento)
• Apostilla simplification: DOF junio 2024 reform (CNDOC Arts 314 + 1144) eliminated apostilla requirement for nationality-acreditando documents
• Operative period: 1934-01-18 → present; post-2021 unlimited-generation scope from 2021-05-18
• Authority: SRE-DGAJ, SRE Dirección General de Servicios Consulares (50+ consulates), SINNA portal (sinna.sre.gob.mx)

Primary statute: CPEUM Art 30 Apartado A fracción II (REFORMADO DOF 2021-05-17 EIF 2021-05-18) + Ley de Nacionalidad 1998 Art 6 + Reglamento DOF 2009-06-17 Cap II. Operative period: 1934-01-18 → present. Mexican citizenship legal framework: Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (CPEUM) Art 30, 32, 37 primary constitutional framework — Art 30 nationality acquisition (Apartado A jus soli + Apartado B jus sanguinis); Art 32 dual-citizenship + Mexican-by-naturalization restrictions; Art 37 ciudadanía + nacionalidad loss framework. Constitutional anchor: CPEUM is the longest-continuous-single-text constitution globally (since 1917-02-05); Apartado A fracción I textually preserved across reforms 1934/1969/1974/1997/2021. Implementing statute: Ley de Nacionalidad 1998 (DOF 1998-01-23; última reforma DOF 2012-04-23). Implementing regulation: Reglamento de la Ley de Nacionalidad DOF 2009-06-17 (Calderón sexenio — NOT 2014). Key recent reforms: Art 30 multi-generational jus sanguinis reform DOF 2021-05-17 (Sheinbaum-era); Indigenous Originario framework DOF 2024-09-30 reforming Art 2 + 27 + 73 (CPEUM); Oaxaca Usos y Costumbres 417-418 SNI framework. Treaty anchors: ILO 169 (Mexico 2nd globally ratifier, 1990-09-05 after Norway 1990-06-19); 1933 Montevideo denuncia trifecta (1997-2000 — Inter-American Citizenship Treaties withdrawal); ICJ Avena 2004 (Mexico v USA — consular notification); Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848 (territorial cession + nationality transition framework). NOT party to 1961 Stateless Convention. Apex: Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación (SCJN) — Pleno + Primera Sala + Segunda Sala. Indigenous parallel framework distinct.

-: Decreto DOF 2021-05-17 Art 30 A II reform — Gran Nación Mexicana Transterritorial -: Senadora Olga Sánchez Cordero iniciativa 2018-09-11 + congressional record -: CPEUM texto vigente Art 30 A II post-2021 -: Ley de Nacionalidad 1998 Art 6 -: Pew Research / US Census 37.2M Mexican-Americans 2021 ACS -: SCJN tesis 2a./J. 167/2019 (Contradicción de Tesis 212/2019)

Source pins:,,,. MX source register: T1 primary: CPEUM (Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos) DOF publication; Ley de Nacionalidad 1998 (DOF 1998-01-23, última reforma DOF 2012-04-23); Reglamento de la Ley de Nacionalidad DOF 2009-06-17 (Calderón); SCJN sentencias + AI (acciones de inconstitucionalidad) + AR (amparo en revisión) + ADR (amparo directo en revisión); SRE-DGAJ Dirección General de Asuntos Jurídicos; RENAPO Registro Nacional de Población; DOF Diario Oficial de la Federación. T2 corroborating: INE + Consulados de México publications; UN Treaty Collection treaty-status; ILO ratifications database; ICJ Avena 2004 judgment. Cross-border (cohort-distinct): Spain Ley 36/2002 + Italy Legge 74/2025.