Adoção — limite de conexão substancial (s.5.1(4), pós-C-3)

CA-ADP-02 é o LIMITE de conexão substancial de primeira geração na concessão direta de cidadania para pessoas adotadas, introduzido pelo projeto de lei C-3 (SC 2025, c. 5, s.4 (1)) e em vigor para adoções em ou após 2025-12-15. É a adoção paralela ao limite de descendência de primeira geração (CA-DSC-02): a concessão direta s.5.1 (rota CA-ADP-01) NÃO ESTÁ DISPONÍVEL quando o pai adotivo que é cidadão canadense era cidadão por descendência ou de outra forma nascido/naturalizado no exterior E nenhum cidadão pai adotivo esteve fisicamente presente no Canadá por pelo menos 1.095 dias antes da adoção (Lei de Cidadania s.5.1(4)). A rota é, portanto, principalmente uma regra de GATING/desqualificação, em vez de um caminho de concessão independente: quando a conexão de 1.095 dias não é cumprida e nenhuma exceção se aplica, a família não pode usar a concessão de cidadania direta e deve, em vez disso, seguir a rota de imigração/patrocínio (PR-então-concessão). A exclusão do serviço da Coroa na s.5.1(5) não aplica o limite quando o pai ou avó relevante serviu no exterior com as Forças Armadas Canadenses, a administração pública federal ou um serviço público provincial. A partir de 2026-06-01 C-3 está EM VIGOR (Despacho do Conselho SI/2025-129), entãos.5.1(4) é lei ativa, não pendente.

Because CA-ADP-02 is a disqualifying LIMIT, the analytically correct framing is: the s.5.1(4) bar APPLIES (and the direct grant is unavailable) when ALL of the following hold for an adoption on or after 2025-12-15: (1) the adoption is one that would otherwise qualify for a direct grant under s.5.1(1), (2) or (3) (i.e., the s.5.1 best-interests, genuine-relationship, lawful-in-both-jurisdictions, no-circumvention and no-status-motive conditions are met); (2) the adoptive parent who is a Canadian citizen acquired their own citizenship by descent (born outside Canada to a Canadian) or by a grant while outside Canada — i.e., is not a citizen by birth in Canada or by an in-Canada grant; AND (3) no adoptive-parent citizen was physically present in Canada for at least 1,095 days (cumulative, at any time) before the adoption. Conversely, the direct grant REMAINS AVAILABLE (the limit does NOT bite) where: the adoption predates 2025-12-15; OR an adoptive-parent citizen was a citizen by birth in Canada or by an in-Canada grant; OR an adoptive-parent citizen meets the 1,095-day presence test before the adoption; OR the Crown-service exception in s.5.1(5) applies. The 1,095-day figure is the same substantial-connection threshold IRCC describes as cumulative physical presence before the applicant's birth or adoption.

Where the s.5.1(4) limit is in play, the document focus shifts from the ordinary adoption file to PROOF OF THE PARENTAL CONNECTION needed to escape the limit. To establish that the limit does NOT apply, the adoptive parent should assemble: evidence of the parent's own basis of citizenship (e.g., Canadian birth certificate showing birth in Canada, or a Canadian citizenship certificate / naturalization record showing an in-Canada grant), which can take the case outside the limit entirely; OR, where the parent is a born-abroad / grant-abroad citizen, documentary proof of at least 1,095 days of physical presence in Canada before the adoption — passport stamps, entry/exit records, employment, study, tax, residence and travel-history evidence, analogous to the descent substantial-connection file. Where the Crown-service exception (s.5.1(5)) is relied on, evidence of the parent's or grandparent's qualifying employment abroad with the CAF, the federal public administration, or a provincial public service. The underlying s.5.1 adoption documents (final adoption order, child's birth certificate, lawfulness/Hague-conformity evidence for both jurisdictions, genuine-relationship and best-interests evidence) remain required for the direct grant itself. Adoption-evidence rules were adjusted by SOR/2025-278; confirm the precise current checklist against the live IRCC citizenship-and-adoption pages and the applicable application guide before filing.

1. Determine whether the limit is even engaged: confirm the adoption is on or after 2025-12-15 (adoptions before that date are not subject to the limit). 2) Identify the adoptive-parent citizen's basis of citizenship — if any adoptive-parent citizen was born in Canada or received an in-Canada grant, the limit does not apply and the family proceeds on the ordinary direct grant (CA-ADP-01). 3) Where the parent is a born-abroad / grant-abroad citizen, assess the 1,095-day physical-presence-before-adoption test and assemble presence evidence; if met, the direct grant is available. 4) If the day-count is not met, check the s.5.1(5) Crown-service exception (parent/grandparent employed abroad with the CAF, the federal public administration, or a provincial public service) and the s.5.1(6) death-of-parent rescue. 5) If the limit applies and no exception is available, the direct citizenship grant is UNAVAILABLE — pivot to the immigration/sponsorship (PR-then-grant) process: the child is sponsored for permanent residence under IRPA, undergoes the required medical exam, and later naturalizes; critically, a child who comes through PR is NOT subject to the first-generation limit for THEIR own future children. 6) Where the direct grant is available, file the s.5.1 citizenship-for-adopted-persons application with the citizenship-grant fee and the connection evidence. As of 2026-06-01 re-confirm the live IRCC adoption pages and the s.5.1(4) consolidation status before filing.

CA-ADP-02 does not have a distinct application form or processing queue of its own: it is a statutory condition assessed WITHIN the s.5.1 citizenship-for-adopted-persons (direct grant) application, so the load-bearing metric is the IRCC posted processing time for citizenship for adopted persons. As of 2026-06-01 a precise same-day month-count for the adoption grant stream was not captured from a live IRCC processing-times widget read (the widget returned a load error at fetch on 2026-06-01); the figure must be re-pinned from the live IRCC processing-times tool before being hard-cited. For context only, the adult citizenship GRANT processing time was about 13 months on the canada.ca-indexed render against a 12-month service standard in the IRCC 2026-27 Departmental Plan, but the adoption stream is a distinct process and that figure should not be substituted for it. Where the s.5.1(4) connection test is in issue, cases may take additional time because IRCC must verify the adoptive parent's physical-presence days, much as in the descent substantial-connection context. If the limit bars the direct grant and the family pivots to PR sponsorship, the relevant timeline becomes the IRPA family-class sponsorship processing time, which is a separate and generally longer track involving a medical exam and PR-visa issuance.

Quando o subsídio direto permanece disponível (o limite não se aplica ou uma exceção é atendida), o pedido s.5.1 usa a tabela de taxas de concessão de cidadania: um MENOR adotado (menor de 18 anos) paga CAD 100,00 (taxa de processamento de subsídio para menores, sem taxa de direito de cidadania), e uma pessoa adotada processada como adulta paga o total adulto de CAD 653,00 (CAD 530,00 de processamento mais CAD 123,00 Taxa de direito de cidadania, tendo a RCF aumentado para CAD 123,00 a partir de 31/03/2026), de acordo com a lista de taxas do IRCC (data modificada em 30/04/2026). Onde o s.5.1 (4) limita a concessão direta e a família deve usar a rota de imigração/patrocínio, as taxas aplicáveis são as taxas de reunificação familiar de residência permanente, que aumentaram em 30/04/2026 - por exemplo, a taxa de patrocínio para CAD 90,00, o requerente principal patrocinado para CAD 570,00 e a Taxa de Direito de Residência Permanente (RPRF) para CAD 600,00 — geralmente uma taxa mais elevada do que a subvenção direta, além de um exame médico obrigatório. Não existe um caminho de compra baseado em investimento ou de compra rápida e nenhuma taxa que compre em torno do requisito de conexão substancial. As taxas são indexadas periodicamente de acordo com a Lei de Taxas de Serviço, portanto cada valor deve ser reconfirmadode acordo com a lista de taxas do IRCC em tempo real no momento da inscrição.

A disposição operativa é a Lei da Cidadania, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-29, s.5.1(4), conforme SUBSTITUÍDO por uma lei para alterar a Lei da Cidadania (2025), S.C. 5, v.4(1). A seção 5.1(4) proíbe uma concessão sob s.5.1(1), (2) ou (3) para uma pessoa adotada em ou após o dia em que SC 2025, c. 5 entrou em vigor (2025-12-15, fixado pelo Despacho do Conselho SI/2025-129, PC 2025-928, datado de 2025-12-11, nos termos do s.7 dessa Lei) onde o pai adotivo que é cidadão era cidadão por descendência ou por concessão no exterior E nenhum cidadão adotivo esteve fisicamente presente no Canadá por pelo menos 1.095 dias antes da adoção. Este teste de conexão substancial de 1.095 dias reflete o teste de descida em s.3(3) (também substituído por SC 2025, c. 5 s.1(8)). A exceção do serviço da Coroa está em s.5.1(5), paralela à descida do serviço da Coroa em s.3(5); um resgate por morte dos pais vinculado à entrada em vigor está em s.5.1(6); e o efeito de concessão/concessão para adotados concedidos sob s.5.1 está em s.5.2. As regras de comprovação da adoção foram ajustadas pelo SOR/2025-278 ('Regulamento que altera o Regulamento da Cidadania, n.º 2 (2025)'). O antecessor Bill C-71 (44º Parlamento) caducou e NÃO está em vigor.

The s.5.1(4) limit is assessed by IRCC (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada), under the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, as part of adjudicating a s.5.1 citizenship-for-adopted-persons (direct grant) application. The grant itself is mandatory in form — under s.5.1(1) the Minister 'shall, on application, grant citizenship' where the conditions are met — but the s.5.1(4) limit operates as a statutory bar that, when engaged and not excepted, removes the grant from availability altogether; there is no Ministerial discretion to waive the 1,095-day connection requirement on its own terms (unlike the compassionate s.5(3) waivers, which do not reach s.5.1(4)). The officer's tasks are to determine the adoptive-parent citizen's basis of citizenship, to compute the parent's physical-presence days before the adoption against the 1,095-day threshold, and to assess whether the s.5.1(5) Crown-service exception or the s.5.1(6) death-of-parent rescue applies — fact-intensive determinations on the documentary record. An adverse determination is an administrative decision reviewable by the Federal Court (the 'Court' under Citizenship Act s.2(1)) on the presumptive reasonableness standard set in Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v. Vavilov, 2019 SCC 65; a constitutional challenge to the operation of the limit would attract correctness on the constitutional question.

A refusal of a s.5.1 direct-grant application on the basis of the s.5.1(4) limit — for example, an officer's finding that the adoptive-parent citizen was a citizen by descent and did not meet the 1,095-day physical-presence test, or that the Crown-service exception is not made out — is reviewable by way of an application for judicial review to the Federal Court under s.2(1) ('Court' means the Federal Court). The reviewing court applies the presumptive reasonableness standard from Vavilov, 2019 SCC 65, asking whether the officer's computation of the parent's presence days and characterization of the parent's basis of citizenship are justified, transparent and intelligible on the record. Because the limit is statutory and turns substantially on a documentary day-count, the main grounds of challenge are evidentiary (whether the 1,095 days were properly counted) and characterization (whether the parent is in truth a by-descent / grant-abroad citizen). A direct constitutional challenge to s.5.1(4) itself — analogous to the Bjorkquist (2023 ONSC 7152) challenge to the descent first-generation limit — would raise Charter questions decided on a correctness standard; as of 2026-06-01 no in-force decision striking down s.5.1(4) has been identified, and no prediction is made about any future challenge. The PR/sponsorship route remains available as the practical alternative regardless of the review outcome.

The s.5.1(4) limit does not itself change Canada's permissive stance on dual nationality; it changes WHETHER the adopted child acquires Canadian citizenship by the direct grant at all. Canada permits dual (and multiple) citizenship without restriction, and has done so since the Citizenship Act, S.C. 1974-75-76, c. 108, came into force on 1977-02-15; the current Act contains no provision requiring renunciation of a foreign nationality. If the limit is escaped and the direct grant is made, the adopted person becomes a Canadian citizen while retaining any other citizenship they hold (commonly the citizenship of their country of birth or origin), becoming a dual citizen by operation of Canadian law. If instead the limit bars the direct grant and the family uses the PR/sponsorship route, the child first becomes a permanent resident and later a citizen by naturalization, again retaining any foreign nationality on the Canadian side. Whether the child may simultaneously hold both nationalities depends on the OTHER country's law — some origin countries do not recognise dual nationality or treat an inter-country adoption as terminating the original citizenship — which Canada does not control; families should check the foreign jurisdiction separately. A person who later wishes to give up Canadian citizenship uses the s.9 renunciation route (CA-XCT-02), which requires holding or acquiring another nationality to avoid statelessness.