Subsídio de naturalização para adultos (s.5(1))

CA-NAT-01 é a concessão de naturalização de adultos de acordo com a seção 5(1) da Lei de Cidadania, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-29 — a principal rota pela qual um residente permanente adulto (PR) do Canadá se torna um cidadão canadense. É o principal caminho de cidadania do país: todos os anos, a grande maioria dos novos cidadãos canadianos são naturalizados ao abrigo do s.5(1). A disposição está redigida em linguagem OBRIGATÓRIA ('o Ministro DEVE conceder cidadania a qualquer pessoa que...'), portanto, uma vez que um requerente satisfaça todas as condições enumeradas e nenhuma proibição se aplique, a concessão é não discricionária - a única discricionariedade na secção 5 reside nas renúncias compassivas s.5(3) e na concessão especial s.5(4). Os requisitos principais são: status de RP; presença física no Canadá por pelo menos 1.095 dias nos 5 anos anteriores à data do pedido; declaração de imposto de renda por 3 desses 5 anos; para candidatos com idade entre 18 e 54 anos, conhecimento adequado de inglês ou francês, além de aprovação no teste de cidadania (conhecimento); eliminação das proibições do S.22; e fazer o Juramento de Cidadania. O projeto de lei C-6 (S.C. 2017, c. 14) reverteu o regime mais rígido de 1.460 dias / 4 de 6 anos do projeto de lei C-24 para o padrão atual de 1.095 dias / 3 de 5 anos e revogou oexigência de intenção de residência. A taxa de subsídio para adultos é de CAD 653. Em 01/06/2026, o núcleo s.5(1) NÃO foi alterado pelo Projeto de Lei C-3 (S.C. 2025, c. 5) e está estável.

To be granted citizenship under s.5(1) as of 2026-06-01, an adult applicant must satisfy ALL of the following: (1) make an application (s.5(1)(a)); (2) be a permanent resident under IRPA s.2(1), with no unfulfilled conditions on PR status and not under a removal order (s.5(1)(c), read with s.5(1)(f) and s.22); (3) have been physically present in Canada at least 1,095 days during the 5 years immediately before the application date (s.5(1)(c)(i)) — there is NO annual day minimum since Bill C-6; (4) have met any applicable Income Tax Act filing requirement for 3 taxation years that fall fully or partially within those 5 years (s.5(1)(c)(iii)); (5) if 18 or more but less than 55 at the date of application, demonstrate adequate knowledge of English or French (s.5(1)(d), operationalized as CLB/NCLC Level 4 in speaking and listening) AND adequate knowledge of Canada and of the responsibilities and privileges of citizenship (s.5(1)(e), the citizenship test); (6) not be barred by the s.22 prohibitions (criminality, certain security grounds, removal order, or a s.20 Governor-in-Council declaration); and (7) take the Oath of Citizenship (s.3(1)(c) age threshold 14). Because s.5(1) uses 'shall', meeting every condition makes the grant mandatory, subject only to the prohibitions and to any officer-verified eligibility gaps. The intent-to-reside requirement (former s.5(1)(c.1)) was repealed in 2017 and is NOT a current condition.

IRCC processes the adult grant through the 'Apply for Canadian citizenship: adults and minor children' stream. The applicant assembles, per the IRCC document checklist for s.5(1) adults (form CIT 0007): the completed adult citizenship application form (CIT 0002 series); proof of permanent-resident status (PR card and/or Confirmation of Permanent Residence); two pieces of personal identification; proof of language ability for applicants 18 to 54 (an acceptable third-party language test result, a diploma/certificate from a qualifying English/French program, or proof of CLB/NCLC Level 4 — see IRCC language-proof guidance); a completed physical-presence calculation supported by a travel history covering the 5-year (or longer) eligibility period; proof of meeting the Income Tax Act filing requirement for the relevant years; two citizenship photos meeting IRCC specifications; and payment of the fee. Documents not in English or French must be accompanied by a certified translation. Applicants should record all trips outside Canada to substantiate the 1,095-day calculation, because the physical-presence count is the single most-scrutinized element. Exact form numbers and the current checklist must be taken from the live IRCC pages at the time of application, as IRCC updates packages periodically.

The s.5(1) adult naturalization pathway runs: (1) BECOME A PR and accumulate physical presence — be physically present in Canada at least 1,095 days within the 5 years before applying (pre-PR days credited at one-half each, max 365, under s.5(1.001)); (2) MEET TAX FILING — satisfy the Income Tax Act filing requirement for 3 of those 5 years; (3) PREPARE — complete the application, calculate physical presence, gather language proof (if 18-54) and supporting documents; (4) PAY AND SUBMIT — pay CAD 653 (CAD 530 processing + CAD 123 Right of Citizenship Fee) and submit to IRCC (online or paper); (5) ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT — IRCC reviews completeness, physical presence, prohibitions, and admissibility; (6) CITIZENSHIP TEST AND, where required, LANGUAGE/INTERVIEW — applicants 18-54 take the knowledge test (in English or French) and have language ability assessed; (7) DECISION — because s.5(1) is mandatory, a citizenship officer grants citizenship once all conditions are met and no prohibition applies (officer/Minister discretion is confined to s.5(3)/(4)); (8) OATH OF CITIZENSHIP — the applicant takes the Oath at a citizenship ceremony (virtual or in person); citizenship takes effect and the citizenship certificate is issued. The oath is the final step before becoming a citizen for those 14 and over.

As of 2026-06-01, the IRCC posted processing time for an adult citizenship grant is about 13 months, measured against a published 12-month service standard in the IRCC 2026-27 Departmental Plan (the service standard is a target, distinct from the live posted actual). CRITICAL TEMPORAL CAVEAT: the live IRCC processing-time widget returned a load error at fetch on 2026-06-01, so the 13-month figure is taken from the canada.ca-indexed render of the IRCC apply hub and urgent-processing pages (current to about late-May 2026) rather than a same-instant widget read. IRCC processing times update frequently; any month-count must be re-read same-day from the IRCC 'Check processing times' tool before being relied upon. The safe statement for client materials is 'about 13 months (IRCC posted), against a 12-month service standard.' Urgent processing may be requested in qualifying circumstances (for example, where citizenship is needed to take a job, attend school, or meet a defined deadline) via the IRCC urgent-processing route. The 13-month figure covers the citizenship processing itself; it does not include the years spent accumulating PR residency to reach the 1,095-day threshold, which precede the application.

A partir de 01/06/2026, a taxa total do IRCC para um subsídio de cidadania para adultos (18 anos ou mais) sob s.5(1) é de CAD 653,00, composta por uma taxa de processamento de CAD 530,00 mais a Taxa de Direito de Cidadania (RCF) de CAD 123,00. O RCF aumentou de CAD 119,75 para CAD 123,00 a partir de 31/03/2026 (um aumento de CAD 3,25) e se aplica a inscrições recebidas nessa data ou após essa data; o componente de processamento de CAD 530,00 permaneceu inalterado. Os valores legados de um total de CAD 630 ou um RCF de CAD 100 ou CAD 119,75 são ESTÁVEIS e não devem ser citados como atuais. Por outro lado, uma subvenção para menores (menores de 18 anos) custa CAD 100,00 (apenas processamento, sem RCF); um adulto apátrida nascido de pai canadense (s.5(5), CA-SPC-03) custa CAD 123,00 (somente RCF); um certificado/comprovante de cidadania custa CAD 75,00. A RCF é indexada anualmente ao abrigo da Lei das Taxas de Serviço, pelo que se espera um novo pequeno ajustamento por volta da primavera de 2027 (apenas mecanismo – nenhum valor está previsto). Todos os valores das taxas devem ser reconfirmados na lista de taxas do IRCC em tempo real no momento da inscrição.

A disposição de controle é a seção 5(1) da Lei da Cidadania, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-29. Seus principais subparágrafos são: s.5(1)(a) (faz uma solicitação); s.5(1)(c) (é um residente permanente sob IRPA s.2(1) sem condições de PR não cumpridas); s.5(1)(c)(i) (presente fisicamente no Canadá por pelo menos 1.095 dias durante os 5 anos imediatamente anteriores à solicitação); s.5(1)(c)(iii) (atendeu a qualquer requisito de declaração da Lei do Imposto de Renda aplicável para 3 anos fiscais caindo total ou parcialmente dentro desses 5 anos); s.5(1)(d) (conhecimento adequado de inglês ou francês se tiver 18 anos ou mais, mas menos de 55); s.5(1)(e) (conhecimento adequado do Canadá e das responsabilidades e privilégios da cidadania se tiver 18 anos ou mais, mas menos de 55); e s.5(1)(f) lido com s.22 (não proibido; não sob ordem de remoção). O crédito de presença física pré-RP é de s.5 (1.001). O limite do Juramento de Cidadania é s.3(1)(c) ('14 anos de idade ou mais'). As isenções discricionárias estão em s.5(3)/(3.1) e a concessão especial em s.5(4). A proveniência moderna da concessão vai para SC 1974-75-76, c. 108 (em vigor em 15/02/1977), revisado para R.S.C. 1985, c. C-29; o padrão operacional de residência/idioma é a reversão do projeto de lei C-6 (S.C. 2017, c.14). 'Tribunal' para qualquer revisão significa o Tribunal Federal (s.2(1)).

The decision-maker for a s.5(1) adult grant is the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, acting through citizenship officers at IRCC under delegated authority. Because s.5(1) is cast in mandatory terms ('the Minister SHALL grant'), the officer's role is to verify that each statutory condition is met and that no prohibition (s.22 or a s.20 GiC declaration) applies — it is an entitlement-style decision, not a discretionary weighing of factors. Discretion within section 5 is confined to the s.5(3)/(3.1) compassionate waivers (of language, knowledge, the minor presence requirement, or the oath) and the s.5(4) special grant (statelessness / special and unusual hardship / services of exceptional value), both of which are separate from the s.5(1) entitlement. Citizenship is an exclusively federal jurisdiction under s.91(25) of the Constitution Act, 1867 ('Naturalization and Aliens'); no province — including Quebec, which selects immigrants under the 1991 Canada-Quebec Accord — grants citizenship. There is therefore no provincial role in a naturalization decision, and no such thing as 'Quebec citizenship'.

There is no statutory administrative appeal tribunal for a citizenship-grant refusal; the avenue is judicial review in the Federal Court (the s.2(1) definition of 'Court' is the Federal Court), brought under the Federal Courts Act framework and within the Citizenship Act review provisions. The governing standard of review is presumptive REASONABLENESS, established by Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v. Vavilov, 2019 SCC 65, [2019] 4 SCR 653, which sets the administrative-law framework for review of IRCC and Ministerial citizenship decisions; correctness is reserved for limited categories such as constitutional questions and general questions of law of central importance. On review of a s.5(1) refusal, the live issues are typically factual: whether the 1,095-day physical presence was correctly calculated, whether the tax-filing requirement was met, whether the language/knowledge requirements (for 18-54 applicants) were satisfied, and whether a s.22 prohibition was correctly applied. Because the grant is mandatory once conditions are met, an unreasonable physical-presence or prohibition finding is the usual ground of challenge. Notably, Vavilov itself arose in a citizenship-certificate context, making it directly apposite to citizenship-status decisions.

Canada permits dual (and multiple) citizenship without restriction, and has done so since 15 February 1977, the commencement of the modern Citizenship Act (S.C. 1974-75-76, c. 108). A person naturalized under s.5(1) is therefore NOT required to renounce any existing foreign nationality, and the current Act contains no provision requiring renunciation of a foreign citizenship upon naturalization. This is a deliberate contrast with the pre-1977 regime under the 1947 Canadian Citizenship Act, under which a Canadian who voluntarily acquired a foreign nationality generally lost Canadian citizenship automatically; the 1977 Act removed that automatic-loss-on-foreign-naturalization rule and the preferential status of British subjects. The Oath of Citizenship taken at the ceremony does not require renouncing other allegiances; the Ontario Court of Appeal upheld the oath against Charter challenge in McAteer v. Canada (Attorney General), 2014 ONCA 578 (oath read purposively as to Canada's form of government, not the monarch personally). Applicants should, however, separately verify whether their OTHER country of nationality restricts dual citizenship or treats Canadian naturalization as a loss event — that is outside Canadian jurisdiction and requires that country's legal advice.