Retomada da cidadania (s.11)

CA-RST-01 é a rota de retomada da cidadania de acordo com a seção 11(1) da Lei da Cidadania, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-29. É o caminho legal pelo qual um EX-cidadão canadense que perdeu ou desistiu da cidadania pode recuperá-la. É conceitualmente distinto de uma concessão de naturalização pela primeira vez (s.5(1), rota CA-NAT-01): a retomada pressupõe que o requerente era cidadão em algum momento anterior. A Secção 11(1) está redigida em linguagem obrigatória ('o Ministro DEVE conceder'), pelo que, uma vez cumpridas as condições enumeradas e não se aplica nenhuma proibição, a concessão não é discricionária. As duas portas práticas são (1) restabelecer o status de residente permanente (PR) e (2) acumular pelo menos 365 dias de presença física no Canadá nos 2 anos anteriores à aplicação. O IRCC administra a retomada por meio de seu fluxo de inscrição dedicado 'Retomar a cidadania canadense', processado no Case Processing Centre em Sydney, Nova Escócia. Em 01/06/2026, a rota está estável e não foi alterada em substância pelo Projeto de Lei C-3 (SC 2025, c. 5); Em vez disso, o C-3 expandiu quem é restaurado automaticamente por força da lei (ver CA-HIS-03/HIS-04), o que pode reduzir a população que precisa da retomada da s.11.

To resume citizenship under s.11(1), an applicant must satisfy ALL of the following as of 2026-06-01: (1) be a FORMER Canadian citizen (the route does not exist for someone who was never a citizen — that person uses s.5(1) naturalization, CA-NAT-01); (2) have become a permanent resident again under IRPA (re-immigration is a precondition — s.11(1)(d)); (3) since ceasing to be a citizen, have been physically present in Canada for at least 365 days within the 2 years immediately before the application date; (4) have met any applicable Income Tax Act filing requirement for one taxation year within that period; (5) not be subject to a revocation order/decision/declaration, a former-Act s.18 order, or a s.20 GiC declaration; and (6) not be under a removal order or barred by the s.22 prohibitions (criminality/security). Because s.11(1) uses 'shall', meeting every condition makes the grant mandatory, subject only to the prohibitions. There is no language test, no knowledge (citizenship) test, and no second oath for ordinary s.11 resumption — those s.5(1) requirements do not appear in s.11.

IRCC processes resumption through its 'Resume Canadian citizenship' stream (application package available on the canada.ca resume pages). The applicant assembles: the completed resumption application form for the relevant adult or minor stream; proof of PRIOR Canadian citizenship and the manner/date it was lost (e.g., a certificate of renunciation, or records showing pre-1977 loss on foreign naturalization); proof of CURRENT permanent-resident status (PR card / Confirmation of Permanent Residence); evidence of physical presence in Canada for at least 365 days in the 2 years before the application (travel history, entry/exit records, the IRCC physical-presence support material); proof of having met any Income Tax Act filing requirement for one taxation year within that period; two photos meeting IRCC specifications; and the fee receipt. Where the applicant is a minor or an authorized representative applies, additional consent/authorization documents are required. Documents not in English or French must be accompanied by a certified translation. Exact form numbers and the current checklist must be taken from the live IRCC resume-citizenship pages at the time of application, as IRCC updates packages periodically.

The ordinary s.11 resumption pathway runs: (1) RE-IMMIGRATE — re-establish permanent-resident status under IRPA if it was lost (a separate immigration process that must conclude first); (2) ACCUMULATE PRESENCE — be physically present in Canada at least 365 days within the 2 years immediately before applying, and meet the one-year Income Tax Act filing requirement where applicable; (3) ASSEMBLE the resumption application package and pay the fee; (4) SUBMIT to IRCC (processed at the Case Processing Centre in Sydney, Nova Scotia); (5) IRCC reviews eligibility, confirms no s.11(1)(b)/(b.1)/(c) bar and no s.22 prohibition; (6) on approval the Minister grants resumption — because s.11(1) is mandatory ('shall'), approval follows once conditions are met and no prohibition exists. For adults a citizenship certificate is issued; an oath is administered to those 14 and over per IRCC practice where required. Unlike first naturalization, there is no language test and no knowledge test step. Urgent processing may be requested in qualifying circumstances. Note the re-immigration step (1) is often the longest and is governed by IRPA, not the Citizenship Act.

IRCC does not always publish a separate posted processing-time figure for resumption; the resumption application is handled by the Case Processing Centre in Sydney, Nova Scotia, and applicants should consult the live IRCC 'Check processing times' tool for the resume-citizenship line at the time of filing. For context, the adult citizenship GRANT (s.5(1)) posted processing time was about 13 months against a 12-month service standard in IRCC's 2026-27 Departmental Plan; resumption is a lower-volume stream and its timeline is tracked separately. CRITICAL TEMPORAL CAVEAT: the live IRCC processing-time widget returned a load error at fetch on 2026-06-01, so any month-count figure must be re-read same-day from the IRCC processing-times tool before being relied upon. The single largest time component for many applicants is NOT the citizenship processing itself but the prior RE-IMMIGRATION to permanent residence required by s.11(1)(d), which runs on separate IRPA timelines. No processing-time figure should be hard-cited in client advice without a same-day widget read.

A partir de 01/06/2026, a taxa do IRCC para cidadania RESUME é de CAD 530,00 para um adulto (18 anos ou mais) e CAD 100,00 para uma pessoa menor de 18 anos, de acordo com a lista de taxas de cidadania e imigração do IRCC (data modificada em 30/04/2026). Estas taxas de retomada são distintas do total da GRANT de naturalização de adultos de CAD 653,00 (que é CAD 530 de processamento mais a Taxa de Direito de Cidadania de CAD 123). A Taxa de Direito de Cidadania, que aumentou para CAD 123,00 a partir de 31/03/2026, aplica-se a concessões de cidadania; a linha de currículo-cidadania na lista de taxas do IRCC é indicada como CAD 530,00 (18) e CAD 100,00 (menores de 18 anos). Os requerentes também devem orçamentar os custos separados, e muitas vezes maiores, da reimigração anterior para a residência permanente (taxas de processamento do IRPA e taxa do direito de residência permanente), que são regidos pela tabela de taxas de imigração e não pela de cidadania. Todos os valores das taxas devem ser reconfirmados na lista de taxas do IRCC em tempo real no momento da inscrição, porque as taxas são indexadas anualmente de acordo com a Lei de Taxas de Serviço.

A disposição de controle é a seção 11 (1) da Lei da Cidadania, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-29. Sua cadeia de procedência é R.S. 1985, c. C-29; 2005, c. 17; 2008, c. 14; 2014, c. 22; e 2017, c. 14, pág. 7. A Secção 11(1) estabelece que o Ministro DEVERÁ conceder a cidadania a uma pessoa que solicite e: (b) não esteja sujeita a uma ordem/decisão/declaração de revogação ou a uma ordem da secção 18 da Lei anterior; (b.1) não está sujeito a uma declaração do Governador em Conselho da seção 20; (c) não esteja sujeito a ordem de afastamento e não seja objeto de declaração de segurança/criminalidade; e (d) tornou-se residente permanente e, desde que deixou de ser cidadão, esteve fisicamente presente no Canadá durante pelo menos 365 dias durante os 2 anos imediatamente anteriores ao pedido e cumpriu qualquer requisito de declaração da Lei do Imposto sobre o Rendimento aplicável durante um ano fiscal dentro desse período. O antigo membro de 'intenção de residir' em s.11(1)(e) foi REVOGADO por SC 2017, c. 14, pág. 7 (Projeto de Lei C-6). A substituição de presença das Forças Armadas Canadenses fica em s.11(1.1)/(1.2). A eleição separada para reparação de género ao abrigo do artigo 11(2) é uma via DIFERENTE (CA-RST-02), não esta. 'Tribunal' para qualquer revisão significa o Tribunal Federal (definição s.2(1)).

The decision-maker for s.11 resumption is the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, acting through IRCC officers under delegated authority; applications are administered at the Case Processing Centre in Sydney, Nova Scotia. Because s.11(1) is cast in mandatory terms ('the Minister SHALL grant'), the officer's role is to verify that each statutory condition is met and that no prohibition (s.11(1)(b)/(b.1)/(c) or s.22) applies — it is not a discretionary, weighing-of-factors grant in the way the s.5(4) special grant is. This makes resumption an entitlement-style decision once the gateways (former citizen, PR status, 365 days/2 years presence, tax filing, no bar) are satisfied. Citizenship is an exclusively federal jurisdiction under s.91(25) of the Constitution Act, 1867 ('Naturalization and Aliens'); no province (including Quebec) grants or resumes citizenship. There is no provincial role in a resumption decision.

There is no statutory administrative appeal tribunal for a citizenship resumption refusal; the avenue is judicial review in the Federal Court (the s.2(1) definition of 'Court' is the Federal Court), brought under the Federal Courts Act framework. The governing standard of review is presumptive REASONABLENESS, per Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v. Vavilov, 2019 SCC 65, [2019] 4 SCR 653, which sets the administrative-law framework for review of IRCC and Ministerial citizenship decisions; correctness is reserved for limited categories such as constitutional questions and general questions of law of central importance. Because s.11(1) is mandatory, the live issues on review of a resumption refusal are typically whether a statutory condition (former-citizen status, PR status, the 365-days/2-years presence, tax filing) was met and whether a prohibition was correctly applied, rather than the exercise of broad discretion. Notably, Vavilov itself arose in a citizenship-certificate context, making it directly apposite to citizenship-status decisions.

Canada permits dual (and multiple) citizenship without restriction, and has done so since 15 February 1977, the commencement of the Citizenship Act (S.C. 1974-75-76, c. 108). Resumption under s.11 therefore does NOT require the applicant to renounce any foreign nationality, and a resumed Canadian citizen may lawfully retain their other citizenship(s). This is a meaningful contrast with the pre-1977 regime under the 1947 Canadian Citizenship Act, under which a Canadian who voluntarily acquired a foreign nationality generally lost Canadian citizenship automatically — the very mechanism that produced some of today's resumption candidates. The current Act contains no provision requiring renunciation of a foreign citizenship as a condition of resumption. Applicants should, however, separately verify whether their OTHER country of nationality restricts dual citizenship, because resuming Canadian status could have consequences under that other country's law — a matter outside Canadian jurisdiction and requiring that country's legal advice.