Naturalização padrão (§14 Lei 186/2013): 5 anos de residência permanente + Tcheco B1 + educação cívica

§14 Act 186/2013 Sb. governs the standard discretionary naturalization pathway. Citizenship "may be granted" (může být uděleno) to an applicant who, on the day of application, holds an uninterrupted permanent-residence permit and satisfies a cumulative matrix of substantive conditions. The grant is discretionary by MV ČR — Pl. ÚS 5/16 confirmed "na udělení státního občanství cizinci není právní nárok" (no legal right to citizenship grant for foreigners), but post-Pl. ÚS 5/16 + Pl. ÚS 39/17 procedural protections require disclosure of substantive denial grounds and allow NSS judicial review.

Operative conditions:

• 5-year uninterrupted permanent residence (non-EU/EEA/CH); 3-year (EU/EEA/CH); OR 10 years cumulative lawful + permanent residence as alternate threshold
• Minor lawful-residence pre-18 counts toward the 5/3-year threshold
• Czech-language proficiency at B1 SERR (CEFR) — administered by Charles University ÚJOP
• Czech reálie (civics) test — administered by ÚJOP at one of 9 designated exam centers
• Clean criminal record (per §22 Act 186/2013, post-Pl. ÚS 5/16 annulment of §22(3))
• Demonstrable financial means (case-by-case, no specific minimum threshold)
• Integration test: family/work/social ties to Czech society
• Non-threat-to-state requirement (post-Pl. ÚS 39/17, judicial review available)

Critical fabrication-corrections applied: kickoff said "§11 standard naturalization" → CORRECTED to §14 per official MZV English translation; kickoff said "Vyhláška 191/2014" → CORRECTED to Vyhláška 433/2013 Sb. issued under §78 (NOT §70).