Гражданство по месту рождения/подкидыш

BG-BTH-01 (Гражданство по месторождение / намерено дете) is Bulgaria's birthplace acquisition route under ЗБГ чл.10, supplemented by the foundling presumption in чл.11 and grounded in Конституция чл.25(1) limb 2. A person born on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria who does not acquire another citizenship по произход (by origin/descent) is a Bulgarian citizen by place of birth, automatically and ex lege at the moment of birth. This is CONDITIONAL jus soli — neither pure jus soli (mere birth is insufficient) nor a free-standing 'otherwise stateless' clause; the statutory test is non-acquisition of nationality by origin, whose dominant use-case is preventing childhood statelessness. The route also covers foundlings: a child found on the territory whose parents are unknown is deemed born on territory (чл.11) and acquires citizenship automatically. Acquisition is declaratory and recognised via the чл.39 Ministry-of-Justice certificate; it is constitutionally loss-protected.

ZBG §10 + §11 — узкое условное право почвы для предотвращения безгражданства. §10: ребенок, рожденный на территории БГ, который не приобретает другого гражданства по происхождению. §11: презумпция подкидыша — ребенок найден на территории БГ от неизвестных родителей, предположительно родившихся здесь, что запускает каскад §10. Конституционный ведущий Чл. 25 ал. 1 второй пункт. Работает ipso jure без каких-либо требований к приложению. Соблюдение Конвенции о безгражданстве 1961 года (присоединение BG 22 марта 2012 г.).

There is NO residence requirement for BG-BTH-01. Unlike every naturalisation route (which requires a permanent or long-term residence permit of 3 or 5 years under чл.12/13/13а/14/26), birthplace acquisition under чл.10 and foundling acquisition under чл.11 are triggered solely by the place-of-birth fact (or the found-on-territory deeming) and the absence of citizenship по произход. The child need not reside in Bulgaria before or after acquisition, need not hold any residence permit, and there is no minimum-presence or domicile condition. This is a structural distinguishing feature versus the stateless-adult naturalisation route BG-SPC-01/NAT-03 (чл.14), which requires a ≥3-year residence permit obtained via the ЗЧРБ Statelessness Determination Procedure — BG-BTH-01 is the at-birth, no-residence anti-statelessness mechanism, whereas чл.14 is the later, residence-gated adult naturalisation path.

Because acquisition is ex lege, no documents are needed to ACQUIRE citizenship — documents are required only to have the pre-existing status RECOGNISED via the чл.39 establishment certificate. Under Наредба №1/1999 чл.15 the applicant files заявление по образец Прил.№5 through the municipality of permanent/current address (or a BG consular mission abroad), attaching: a certified copy or duplicate birth certificate (for a foundling, the municipal act recording the child found with parents unknown); evidence the child does not acquire another nationality по произход / was born stateless; a copy of the applicant's/parents' identity document; any document on name change; and proof of the paid state fee. Foreign documents must be legalised (1961 Hague Apostille or applicable treaty) and translated into Bulgarian. The burden of proving non-acquisition of another nationality is documented as a practical barrier for otherwise-stateless children.

Свидетельство о рождении выданное общинным органом + регистрация ГРАО + подтверждение гражданства МП. Без комиссии; нет рассмотрения Советом по гражданству. По делам о подкидышах §11: предварительное решение органа опеки и попечительства может продлить срок на 30-90 дней.

Acquisition is INSTANTANEOUS: citizenship vests по право в момента на раждането (ex lege at the moment of birth), per the doctrine articulated in КС Реш.№12/23.07.1996 по к.д.№13/1996 (used here collaterally — the holding formally interprets Конституция чл.93(2), not чл.25). There is no waiting period, no qualifying clock, and no acquisition deadline. The only time element is the DECLARATORY чл.39 certificate, which the MoJ must issue within a 1-month (едномесечен) statutory term and which is then valid for 1 year (ЗБГ чл.39(2); Наредба №1/1999 чл.15). In practice, where parentage, birth registration, or the burden of proving non-acquisition of another nationality is contested, recognition of an otherwise-stateless child can take materially longer — the Statelessness Index describes the safeguard as 'automatic in theory, but by registration in practice' (last updated Feb 2025).

The state fee for the чл.39 establishment-of-citizenship certificate (удостоверение за установяване на българско гражданство) is 250.00 BGN / 127.82 EUR, as of 01.07.2025. This figure was raised from the long-standing 50.00 BGN by ПМС № 104/25.06.2025 (ДВ бр.52/2025), part of a fee reform that increased the чл.39 certificate fee roughly five-fold (тарифа т.57: 50→250 лв); the euro value applies from 01.01.2026 at the irrevocable rate 1 EUR = 1.95583 BGN. Ancillary costs include legalisation/Apostille and certified Bulgarian translation of any foreign documents (consular заверка на превод ~15 EUR per document). The fee is documented as a practical barrier to the anti-statelessness safeguard for low-income families. NOTE: this resolves the v5.39 fee as unconfirmed — the IISDA service card now displays '250 лв / 127,82 €' live.

ЗБГ чл.10 (verbatim): 'Български гражданин по месторождение е всяко лице, родено на територията на Република България, ако не придобива друго гражданство по произход.' ЗБГ чл.11 (verbatim, foundling deeming): 'Смята се, че е родено на територията на Република България дете, намерено на тази територия, чиито родители са неизвестни.' The constitutional source is Конституция чл.25(1) limb 2 (in force 13.07.1991): a Bulgarian citizen is anyone born on BG territory 'ако не придобива друго гражданство по произход'. Both ЗБГ articles are UNAMENDED since the Act's enactment (обн. ДВ бр.136/18.11.1998, в сила 20.02.1999), consolidated through ДВ бр.61/29.07.2025. Конституция чл.25(6) delegates the terms and procedure of acquisition, preservation and loss to ЗБГ. The statute drafts these as a conditional jus-soli safeguard, NOT an unconditional birthright and NOT a bare statelessness clause.

No granting authority exists for the acquisition itself — citizenship arises ex lege at the moment of birth (or, for a foundling, on being found with unknown parents). The RECOGNITION authority is the Ministry of Justice (Министерство на правосъдието), specifically Дирекция 'Българско гражданство', which issues the чл.39 establishment-of-citizenship certificate per the MoJ citizenship registers (чл.38). The application is lodged through the municipality (община) of the child's permanent/current address, which forwards it ex officio to the MoJ; abroad, it is lodged through a Bulgarian diplomatic/consular mission (forwarded via the Ministry of Foreign Affairs). Crucially, NO presidential decree (указ) is involved — unlike naturalisation, restoration, and release, which the President effects by указ under чл.36/чл.98. This reflects the declaratory, non-discretionary nature of birthplace/foundling acquisition.

Bulgaria TOLERATES dual/multiple nationality — there is no general bar, and чл.3 ЗБГ treats a Bulgarian who is also a foreign national as a Bulgarian citizen before Bulgarian authorities. For BG-BTH-01 specifically, dual nationality interacts with the route's defining condition: чл.10 confers citizenship only if the child does NOT acquire another citizenship по произход. So a child cannot simultaneously hold BG-by-birthplace AND a foreign nationality acquired BY ORIGIN — by definition the чл.10 condition fails if a nationality is acquired по произход. However, a child who is Bulgarian by чл.10/чл.11 may LATER acquire a foreign nationality (e.g. by naturalisation elsewhere) and retain Bulgarian citizenship, since Bulgaria does not auto-terminate on foreign acquisition; voluntary loss requires a release procedure (чл.20, route BG-XCT-01) that itself requires an anti-statelessness safeguard. Bulgaria is NOT a party to the 1963 ETS 043 or the 1930 Hague Convention, so no treaty restricts multiple nationality.