Натурализация лиц без гражданства (ст. 14 ZBG) посредством процедуры определения безгражданства (SDP, FRBA, ст. 21b–21g)
Гражданство в стране Болгария
- Право на участие
- Признанное лицо без гражданства, имеющее постоянный или долгосрочный вид на жительство в течение ≥ 3 лет и отвечающее требованиям ЗБГ чл. 12(1) т. 1,3,4,5 (взрослый; не судимость в Болгарии; самообеспечение; болгарский язык) может натурализоваться в соответствии с Чл. 14, при этом пятилетний срок (т. 2) заменен на трехлетний, а требование об отказе (т. 6) отменено. Маршрут отличается от идентично закрепленного кадра NAT-03 входным шлюзом ЗЧРБ «Процедура определения безгражданства» (чл. 21б–21ж), который выдает статус признанного безгражданства. По данным ЗБГ ДВ бр. 29.07.2025 61.
- Сроки
- Two-stage. STAGE 1 (СДП recognition, ЗЧРБ чл. 21г, ал. 3): the Director of the Migration Directorate decides within 6 months of application, extendable by a further 2 months in cases of legal or factual complexity; a refusal/termination is appealable under the АПК within 14 days (чл. 21ж). STAGE 2 (Чл. 14 naturalization): after ≥ 3 years of permanent/long-term residence, the Minister of Justice's statutory term to propose the Presidential decree is 12 months (ЗБГ чл. 35, ал. 1, т. 1, изм. ДВ бр. 21/2021), preceded by the Съвет по гражданството opinion (after written opinions of the MoI and ДАНС). The Presidential decree (чл. 36) enters into force on the day of issuance. NOTE: a frequently-cited «18-month» figure is NOT statutory — it reflects real-world backlog; the чл. 35 term controls. [BG-EVID-099; BG-EVID-101; BG-EVID-153; BG-SRC-041 чл.35 T1; BG-SRC-169 T1]
- Государственная пошлина
- 511,29 €
- Отказ от гражданства
- Не требуется
Эта страница переведена автоматически. Официальной является английская версия.
Обзор
BG-SPC-01 е маршрутът за натурализация на лице без гражданство (stateless person) до българско гражданство по Чл. 14 от Закона за българското гражданство (ЗБГ). Признатото лице без гражданство може да придобие българско гражданство, ако отговаря на условията по чл. 12, ал. 1, т. 1, 3, 4 и 5 и притежава разрешение за постоянно или дългосрочно пребиваване в Република България от не по-малко от 3 години към датата на подаване на молбата за натурализация. Маршрутът се отличава от идентично-анкерирания NAT-03 чрез своя предхождащ шлюз — процедурата за определяне на статут на лице без гражданство (СДП) по ЗЧРБ чл. 21б–21ж (Глава втора „а“, нова ДВ бр. 97/2016, в сила 2017). СДП произвежда признатия статут, който отваря пътя разрешение за пребиваване → чл. 14. As of ЗБГ ДВ бр. 61/29.07.2025.
Кто имеет право
ZBG §14 Путь двойного состояния без сохранения состояния — см. структуру BG-NAT-03. Размещение корзины SPC отражает специальные сценарии прекращения/защиты.
Требования
The Чл. 14 residence requirement is a permit for постоянно (permanent) OR дългосрочно (long-term / EU-LTR) пребиваване held for «не по-малко от три години» (not less than 3 years) as of the application date. This 3-year clause REPLACES the standard чл. 12(1) т. 2 five-year clock that applies to ordinary naturalization (NAT-01). In the ЗБГ bucket comparison the residence dimensions are: 5 years for standard чл. 12 (NAT); 3 years for чл. 13 (MAR / born-in-BG / minor-permit) and чл. 14 (stateless); status-duration for чл. 13а (refugee 3 yrs / humanitarian 5 yrs). The clock runs from grant of the permanent or long-term residence permit; the «or long-term» wording was added by ДВ бр. 21/2012. A recognized-stateless person who does not yet hold PR/LTR may hold интермедиерно «продължително пребиваване» (up to 1 year, renewable) — whether that time counts toward the 3-year PR/LTR clock is unresolved.
Документы
Документите се подават по реда на Наредба № 1/19.02.1999 (прилагане на глава пета ЗБГ): молба по Приложение № 1 (на български език), лично в Министерството на правосъдието или чрез дипломатическо/консулско представителство (което дава задължително мотивирано становище). Required attachments include: proof of recognized-stateless status (СДП decision); PR/LTR residence permit evidencing ≥ 3 years; удостоверение за владеене на български език (МОН/ЦКОКУО) or educational documents; свидетелство за съдимост; документ за доход или занятие; документ за самоличност and civil-status documents legalized/apostilled (1961 Apostille Convention or Правилник за легализациите) and translated into Bulgarian; two passport-format photographs; вносна бележка за платена държавна такса. Foreign documents must carry a certified Bulgarian translation. As of 2026.
Как подать заявление
DAB-определение без гражданства + 3 года постоянного проживания + заявление MJ.
Сроки
STAGE 1 (СДП): decision within 6 months of application, extendable by a further 2 months in cases of legal or factual complexity (чл. 21г, ал. 3 ЗЧРБ); a refusal/termination is appealable within 14 days under the АПК (чл. 21ж). STAGE 2 (naturalization): the Minister of Justice's statutory term to make the proposal to the President is 12 months for naturalization applications (ЗБГ чл. 35, ал. 1, т. 1, изм. ДВ бр. 21/2021); the term is suspended where the Council on Citizenship orders verification (чл. 33, нова ал.). The Presidential указ (чл. 36) enters into force on the day of issuance. IMPORTANT: the widely-cited «18-month» processing figure is NOT statutory — it reflects real-world backlog; чл. 35 controls. Net realistic end-to-end timeline therefore spans the SDP stage + ≥ 3 years residence + the naturalization-proposal/decree stage. As of ЗБГ ДВ бр. 61/2025.
Сборы и расходы
The fee instrument is Тарифа № 1 към Закона за държавните такси (раздел „Г. Такси, събирани от Министерството на правосъдието“), приета с ПМС № 167/1992. The general-naturalization application fee (т. 55 буква „в“) was raised from 100 BGN to 1000 BGN by ПМС № 104 от 25.06.2025 г. (обн. ДВ бр. 52/27.06.2025, в сила 01.07.2025) — ≈ 511.29 EUR at the irrevocable rate 1.95583 BGN/EUR (euro adoption 01.01.2026). The чл. 39 establishment-of-citizenship certificate fee is 250 BGN / 127.82 EUR (т. 57, raised from 50 BGN). Ancillary charges: consular interview 50 EUR and 15 EUR per document translation-certification where filed via a mission (МВнР); the МОН/ЦКОКУО Bulgarian-language exam fee is set outside Тарифа № 1; the СДП stateless-person travel-certificate fee is reported at 50 BGN. Legalization/apostille and certified-translation costs are additional. As of 01.07.2025 (BGN) / 01.01.2026 (EUR).
Правовая основа
No Bulgarian case law specifically construing Чл. 14 ЗБГ (stateless-person naturalization) was located in this clean-room pass; the route is governed by statute + СДП regulation rather than a settled jurisprudence. Relevant adjacent authority: the СДП refusal/termination decisions are subject to АПК judicial review before the administrative court (чл. 21ж ЗЧРБ), so the developing body of administrative-court rulings on SDP determinations is the natural locus of any future case law. On the constitutional ceiling, КС Решение № 12/23.07.1996 по к.д. № 13/1996 interprets чл. 93, ал. 2 of the Constitution (Presidential «по рождение» eligibility) and bears only collaterally on descent — it does NOT construe чл. 14. Do NOT fabricate чл. 14 dockets. As of 2026.
Компетентный орган
STAGE 1 competent authority: Director of the Migration Directorate (Дирекция „Миграция“) of the Ministry of the Interior (or an authorised official), ЗЧРБ чл. 21г; judicial review before the administrative court under the АПК (чл. 21ж). STAGE 2 competent authorities: Ministry of Justice — Дирекция „Българско гражданство“ (intake/review); the Съвет по гражданството (Council on Citizenship at the MoJ), a consultative body chaired by a Deputy Minister of Justice with members from MoJ, MFA, MoI, MRDPW, MLSP, Health, Innovation & Growth, ДАНС (State Agency for National Security), the State Agency for Bulgarians Abroad and the State Agency for Refugees, which gives the мнение; the Minister of Justice (proposal to the President, чл. 34); and the President of the Republic, who issues the указ (чл. 36). As of composition ДВ бр. 22/2022, в сила 18.03.2022.
Exceptions & edge cases
Bulgaria permits multiple nationality for its citizens: ЗБГ чл. 3 provides that a Bulgarian who is also a foreign national is treated only as Bulgarian under Bulgarian law (unless a law provides otherwise), and чл. 7 affirms the right to choose citizenship. For the SPC route this is doubly favorable: (a) the standard чл. 12(1) т. 6 renunciation/release-from-prior-citizenship requirement is WAIVED for stateless persons under чл. 14 (a stateless person has no nationality to renounce); and (b) acquiring or later regaining a foreign nationality does not trigger automatic loss of the Bulgarian citizenship gained. There is no treaty-based multiple-nationality restriction on Bulgaria — it is NOT a party to the Hague 1930 Convention nor to ETS 043 (1963), which fences the fabrication trap of an inferred dual-nationality bar. As of ЗБГ ДВ бр. 61/2025.
Примеры сценариев
Примеры сценариев приведены на английском языке.
Eligible
This scenario tests the SDP GATEWAY itself, not the downstream naturalization. The applicant clears чл. 21б (de jure standard mirroring 1954 Conv. Art. 1(1)) and triggers none of the four чл. 21е refusal grounds; the Director issues a positive determination within the чл. 21г 6-month (+2) term. Recognition is the constitutive act that OPENS the SPC route (recognized status → residence permit → чл. 14). Outcome here = eligible to enter/pass the gateway; the separate чл. 14 naturalization clock then begins. [, T1]
Not eligible
The SDP gateway closes on a чл. 21е ground: failure/refusal to declare a citizenship in order to obtain stateless status is an express refusal ground, and substantively the person fails чл. 21б because he IS considered a national by a State (1954 Conv. Art. 1(1) not met). The Director must refuse the determination; with no recognized-stateless status there is no SPC gateway to чл. 14. He would instead fall to ordinary чл. 12 naturalization. The bar here arises at the recognition stage, before any naturalization condition is even reached. [, T1]
Conditional
Gateway-stage litigation. The first-instance refusal rests on a чл. 21е ground (irregular entry / false documents while failing conditions), but чл. 21ж makes the determination judicially reviewable under the АПК within 14 days. Because a timely appeal is pending, recognition — and therefore access to the SPC route — is CONDITIONAL on the administrative court's ruling: if the court annuls the refusal and recognition follows, the gateway opens; if it upholds the refusal, the route stays closed. The outcome turns entirely on the SDP-recognition layer, not on any чл. 12 element. [, T1]
Not eligible
The SDP definitional screen (чл. 21б, mirroring 1954 Conv. Art. 1(1)) recognizes only DE JURE statelessness — «not considered a national by any State in accordance with its legislation». De facto statelessness (a national who cannot access consular protection) does NOT satisfy чл. 21б, so the Director cannot make a positive determination and the gateway never opens. This is the definitional limit of the SDP layer that distinguishes the SPC route; the applicant cannot reach чл. 14 at all. [, T1]
Conditional
Illustrates why the SDP gateway is constitutive of the SPC route. Before New ДВ бр. 97/2016 (in force 2017) the чл. 14 substantive clause existed but was practically inaccessible: statelessness could be DEFINED (ЗЧРБ чл. 2(2)) but not RECOGNIZED, so no one could prove the чл. 14 status element. Post-2017 the applicant can now file under чл. 21б; recognition is conditional on the Director's determination and on triggering none of the чл. 21е grounds. The temporal availability of the gateway — not any naturalization condition — governs the outcome. [, T2]
Conditional
Tests the чл. 21е(1) exclusion ground operating at the gateway even after apparent recognition. The 1954 Conv. Art. 1(2) exclusion clause (persons receiving UN protection/assistance or treated as nationals of their country of residence) is an express чл. 21е refusal/termination ground; if the exclusion in fact applies, the stateless determination can be refused or terminated, collapsing the gateway and with it the SPC route — regardless that the 4-year residence and чл. 12(1) conditions look satisfied. Outcome is conditional on resolving the Art. 1(2) exclusion at the SDP layer. [, T2]
Информационная сводка, составленная по первичным правовым источникам, — не является юридической консультацией. Законы о гражданстве меняются; проверьте в компетентном органе, прежде чем действовать. Последняя проверка: 2026-06-14.
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