Israel

Art. 4(a) + Art. 9 — family court decree + Minister registration for minors.

Born in Israel to Israeli-citizen parent. Ex lege automatic.

Citizenship and Entry Law 2003/2022 restricts naturalization for Palestinian-territory residents + enemy states.

Descent from pre-1948 Palestinian citizens with 1952 Art. 3 continuity. Archival evidence required.

Born abroad to Israeli-citizen parent. 1980 Amendment removed one-generation limit.

Every Jew may make aliyah and receives automatic citizenship. Art. 4B defines Jew. BAGATZ line: Rufeisen, Shalit, Miller, Pesaro, Naamat, 11013/05.

Art. 4A extends right to child/grandchild/spouse of Jew. 2025-12-07 SC ruling clarified temporal anchoring.

A practical pathway for communities NOT recognised as Jews under the Law of Return — the Falash Mura of Ethiopia and the Bnei Menashe of northeast India. Such persons are admitted by GOVERNMENT DECISION under the Entry into Israel Law 5712-1952 (for the Falash Mura, Government Decision 713 of 28 November 2021, on the 'seed of Israel' (זרע ישראל) first-degree-relative criterion; for the Bnei Menashe, a November-2025 cabinet plan), receive a permanent-residence permit, and undergo Orthodox conversion (Conversion Authority / אגף הגיור, or Shavei Israel facilitation). Only AFTER conversion — as a 'Jew' under Law of Return §4B — do they acquire Israeli citizenship by return (מכוח שבות) ex lege under Citizenship Law §2(a), with no §5(a) naturalisation conditions and retention of prior nationality under §14. CONTRAST: Beta Israel (Ethiopian Jews) are recognised Jews and immigrate DIRECTLY under the Law of Return (route IL-HIS-01, not here). The current intake quota and operational status are

Art. 7 Minister discretion. 4-year graduated spouse track (Stamka 1999).

Sec. 6(a)(1) waives Art. 5(a)(1-3). Defence Service Law 1986.

Sec. 6(a)(2) — parent of fallen IDF soldier or imprisoned as enemy. Minister discretion.

Art. 5 — 3 of 5 years residence + Hebrew + loyalty oath + renunciation of prior citizenship.

IL-PRR-01 is the principal NON-CITIZENSHIP comparator in the Israeli

IL-RES-01 is acquisition of Israeli nationality by RESIDENCE under Citizenship Law 5712-1952 §3 (אזרחות מכוח ישיבה בישראל) and its 1980 extension §3A. It is a presence-and-registration mode — NOT a bloodline/descent route — by which a person who was a Palestinian citizen (נתין ארצישראלי) immediately before the State's establishment, and who did not become a citizen by return under §2, became an Israeli citizen by operation of law from the establishment of the State, retroactive to 1948-05-14 (as of the consolidated text current to 2023-09-18; IL-EVID-015). This was the principal conduit by which the Palestinian-Arab population remaining within the 1949 armistice lines — including Druze, Bedouin and Circassian communities — acquired Israeli nationality (IL-EVID-120). Acquisition is automatic (ex lege); the Minister of the Interior administers the route under §17 and PIBA documents status via the Population Register (IL-EVID-087). The route is now spent/transitional (the eligibility-date

Fresh aliyah (Art. 2) or naturalization (Art. 5). Art. 14 is dual-nationality not restoration.

Ages 18-21 with 5-year residence. NOT a foundling-presumption.

Sec. 6(e) Minister grant for zone-resident significant-act. Rare.

IL-XCT-01 is the citizen-initiated half of Chapter Two of the Citizenship Law 5712-1952 — פרק שני: איבוד האזרחות ('Loss of Nationality'). It covers two voluntary-loss mechanisms: §10 renunciation (ויתור על אזרחות) by an adult who is not (or wishes to cease being) a resident of Israel, and §10A (ויתור לשם שמירה על אזרחות אחרת) renunciation by an adult RESIDENT to preserve another nationality. The defining feature — and the single most important thing to understand — is that a declaration of renunciation ALONE does NOT terminate Israeli nationality: under §10(e) the consent of the Minister of the Interior is CONSTITUTIVE, and nationality is cancelled only on the date the Minister prescribes (as of 2026-06-03). This is a discretionary consent regime, not a unilateral right of exit. There is NO deemed or automatic loss in this track (loss-of-nationality being involuntary belongs to the sibling route IL-XCT-02 under §11). The route sits in a three-node loss-cycle with IL-XCT-02 (involuntary

IL-XCT-02 is the state-initiated half of Chapter Two of the Citizenship Law 5712-1952, headed ׳Loss of Nationality׳ (פרק שני: איבוד האזרחות). Where IL-XCT-01 covers citizen-initiated renunciation (§10/§10A), IL-XCT-02 covers INVOLUNTARY revocation (ביטול/שלילת אזרחות) imposed by the State. As of 2026-06-03 the route has four operative tracks: (a) §11(a) Minister-direct administrative revocation where nationality was obtained on false particulars (פרטים כוזבים) and fewer than three years have passed; (b) §11(b)(1)-(2) revocation by the Court for Administrative Affairs (בית המשפט לעניינים מינהליים) on the Minister of the Interior׳s application — for false particulars after three years, or for a ׳breach of allegiance׳ (הפרת אמונים) such as terror, treason/aggravated espionage, or acquiring status in a Schedule enemy state; (c) §11(b1), the PA-stipend ׳pay-for-slay׳ track added by Law 5783-2023; and (d) §11A criminal-court revocation on conviction, added by Amendment No. 10 5771-2011. The